Ought GIDNOS Get Nought? Treatment Options for Nontranssexual Gender Dysphoria

Hage, J. Joris; Karim, Refaat B.

doi:10.1097/00006534-200003000-00063

Cited by 76 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, it is very likely that they were not distinguished as such but were instead diagnosed as having a gender identity disorder not otherwise specified by gender teams at medical centres; and have only become increasingly visible in recent years (Hage & Karim, 2000, Nieder & Richter-Appelt, 2011). An analogy may be drawn with the number of lesbian and gay people who became able to identify their sexualities within contemporary Western societies when the possibility to do so became more available and the identities became more widely understood and accepted.…”

Section: A Discussion Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Non-binary or genderqueer genders

Richards

Bouman²,

Seal

et al. 2016

International Review of Psychiatry

607

361

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Some people have a gender which is neither male nor female and may identify as both male and female at one time, as different genders at different times, as no gender at all, or dispute the very idea of only two genders. The umbrella terms for such genders are 'genderqueer' or 'non-binary' genders. Such gender identities outside of the binary of female and male are increasingly being recognized in legal, medical and psychological systems and diagnostic classifications in line with the emerging presence and advocacy of these groups of people. Population-based studies show a small percentage -but a sizable proportion in terms of raw numbers -of people who identify as non-binary. While such genders have been extant historically and globally, they remain marginalized, and as such -while not being disorders or pathological in themselves -people with such genders remain at risk of victimization and of minority or marginalization stress as a result of discrimination. This paper therefore reviews the limited literature on this field and considers ways in which (mental) health professionals may assist the people with genderqueer and non-binary gender identities and/or expressions they may see in their practice. Treatment options and associated risks are discussed. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: A Discussion Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Non-binary or genderqueer genders

Richards

Bouman²,

Seal

et al. 2016

International Review of Psychiatry

607

361

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It provides the desired physical morphology and alleviates psychological discomfort. 28 Sex reassignment surgery (SRS) is a group of surgeries wherein the external genitalia and other body structures are refashioned to the opposite gender. The Endocrine Society recommends a set of eligibility and readiness criteria that need to be met (Table 7) prior to surgical planning.…”

Section: Sex Reassignment Surgery (Srs) For Mtf Transsexualsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amount of time the prosthesis is removed from the www.asean-endocrinejournal.org Vol. 28 No. 2 November 2013…”

Section: Sex Reassignment Surgery (Srs) For Mtf Transsexualsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Transformation of Transsexual Individuals

Ngalob

Tamban

Barrera

et al. 2013

JAFES

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The traditional binary classification of gender is repeatedly challenged throughout history with the presence of transgenders. Under the umbrella of transgenderism is transsexualism which pertains to individuals who identify with or desire to become the opposite sex. Transsexualism or Gender Dysphoria is classified as a medical condition under ICD 10 and DSM-5. The proposed treatment is sex reassignment that includes all treatments carried out to adapt to the desired sex. Sex reassignment involves a multidisciplinary approach wherein the psychiatrist or mental health practitioner, endocrinologist and surgeon play active roles. Certain legal and ethical issues exist in the treatment of transsexualism. This article provides a review of psychological, medical and surgical issues in the evaluation and treatment of Transgender individuals, with an Asian perspective, and in the context of an actual case.

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“…Indeed, clinicians in gender identity clinics are increasingly confronted with treatment goals other than complete sex reassignment. Hage and Karim (2000) reported that, even in the years that their gender identity clinic in Amsterdam did not offer partial treatment, only 138 of 352 female-to-male applicants for sex reassignment surgery, who were referred for treatment over 20 years, underwent phalloplasty. Of the 1,049 male-to-female applicants, 24% had hormone therapy but no genital surgery.…”

Section: Similarities and Differences Between The Terms Transsexualismentioning

confidence: 99%

The DSM Diagnostic Criteria for Gender Identity Disorder in Adolescents and Adults

2009

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Apart from some general issues related to the Gender Identity Disorder (GID) diagnosis, such as whether it should stay in the DSM-V or not, a number of problems specifically relate to the current criteria of the GID diagnosis for adolescents and adults. These problems concern the confusion caused by similarities and differences of the terms transsexualism and GID, the inability of the current criteria to capture the whole spectrum of gender variance phenomena, the potential risk of unnecessary physically invasive examinations to rule out intersex conditions (disorders of sex development), the necessity of the D criterion (distress and impairment), and the fact that the diagnosis still applies to those who already had hormonal and surgical treatment. If the diagnosis should not be deleted from the DSM, most of the criticism could be addressed in the DSM-V if the diagnosis would be renamed, the criteria would be adjusted in wording, and made more stringent. However, this would imply that the diagnosis would still be dichotomous and similar to earlier DSM versions. Another option is to follow a more dimensional approach, allowing for different degrees of gender dysphoria depending on the number of indicators. Considering the strong resistance against sexuality related specifiers, and the relative difficulty assessing sexual orientation in individuals pursuing hormonal and surgical interventions to change physical sex characteristics, it should be investigated whether other potentially relevant specifiers (e.g., onset age) are more appropriate.

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Ought GIDNOS Get Nought? Treatment Options for Nontranssexual Gender Dysphoria

Cited by 76 publications

References 4 publications

Non-binary or genderqueer genders

Non-binary or genderqueer genders

The Transformation of Transsexual Individuals

The DSM Diagnostic Criteria for Gender Identity Disorder in Adolescents and Adults

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