Ototoxicity: Visualized in Concept Maps

Watts, Kelly L.

doi:10.1055/s-0039-1684046

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…However, instead of analysing results, mapping studies identify the relationship between ideas (Perryman, 2016). Such studies may occur in one of two formats: firstly, they may be formatted vis-à-vis a visualisation of ideas, not unlike mind or concept maps, for example, see an excellent ototoxicity concept map by Watts (2019). Secondly, and not mutually exclusive, studies are characterised by varying levels of systematic mapping of, for example, where an activity occurred, research funding sources, journal site or mode/medium of presentation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemicals, noise and occupational hearing health in South Africa: A mapping study

Pillay

2020

South African Journal of Communication Disorders

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Death and (hearing) disability as collateral damage for workersEvery day, 6000 women and men die because of occupational fatalities. Of those who survive, 160 million live with disabling injuries or illnesses (International Labour Organisation, 2019). Amongst this workforce, hearing loss is the main contributor to disability-adjusted life years for approximately one in five workers (WHO, 2018). This highly preventable disability is a global concern. Occupational noise exposure is a major cause of hearing loss (Basner, 2019). The general perception is that occupational hearing loss is greater in industrialised (minority world) countries like in Australia, New Zealand, North America and other European countries. However, in less industrialised (majority world) regions, ~21% of workers (vs. ~16% in the minority world) experience disabling hearing loss (Basner et al., 2014;Nelson, Nelson, Concha-Barrientos, & Fingerhut, 2005).In, sub-Saharan Africa, the World Bank recently (2016-2017) commissioned a study on occupational health in the mining sector (Osewe & Nkrumah, 2018). According to this report, hearing loss accounted for 18% of the burden of injury among ex-mine workers in Lesotho, Mozambique, South Africa and Swaziland. Historically, this is not unusual given how migrant workers across the world were (and continue) to work in 3D (dirty, dangerous and difficult) jobs (Pillay, 2013). Osewe and Nkrumah also presented a novel model of worker-centred hearing healthcare across hearing screening, audiological management and aural rehabilitation. Significantly, from an early Background: Chemical exposure leading to ototoxicity is a fresh challenge for occupational healthcare in South Africa. Objectives:The critical question is: 'what is known about occupational ototoxic chemicals with or without noise exposure in South Africa?' Method: This qualitative, mapping study was completed with published (peer-reviewed) and grey literature from 1979-2019. Data was analysed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses: extension for Scoping Reviews and the Nursing and Allied Health Resources Section subcommittee on Mapping the Literature of Nursing and Allied Health (adapted). Numerical analysis of article type was completed, but the primary focus was on capturing patterns/trends using thematic analysis and ideology critique.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemicals, noise and occupational hearing health in South Africa: A mapping study

Pillay

2020

South African Journal of Communication Disorders

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“…In summary, the dominant narrative is one of the need to control 'noise' exposure to prevent 'hearing-loss'. It is wellestablished that chemicals, for example, complicatedly affect workers hearing in the presence of noise (Watts, 2019). Other stressors (pressure, heat, vibration, etc.)…”

Section: Monologic Foregrounding Of Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

A critical analysis of the current South African occupational health law and hearing loss

Manning

Pillay

2020

South African Journal of Communication Disorders

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Occupational healthcare is implicit in public law via regulatory laws and explicit in private law in the employment law sub-branch via the occupational health and safety laws. There are at least 11 laws, within public law (administrative law) and private law (commercial law) branches, requiring Background: Occupational health laws must recognise the constitutional requirement of substantive equality, and its role in 'the progressive realisation' of the rights provided by Section 27.Objectives: Our main aim is to review current South African occupational health law (vis-àvis workers' constitutional rights) in relation to hearing loss. We focus on gaps in the law regarding occupational hearing loss in South Africa.Method: Our review of legal texts relies on experience as a methodological device augmented by the use of a critical science. Guided by literature or evidence synthesis methodologies, South African primary and secondary laws were reviewed along with unpublished (non-peerreviewed) grey literature. An established six-step framework guided our thematic analysis. A semantic approach aided the critical interpretation of data using the Bill of Rights as a core analytical framework.Results: Four themes are discussed: (1) separate and unequal regulatory frameworks; (2) monologic foregrounding of noise; (3) minimisation of vestibular disorders; and (4) dilution of ototoxic agents. The highly divided legal framework of occupational health and safety in South Africa perpetuates a monologic 'excessive noise-hearing loss' paradigm that has implications for the rights of all workers to equal protections and benefits. There is a need to harmonise occupational health and safety law, and expand the scope of hearing-protection legislation to include the full range of established ototoxic hazards. Conclusion:Occupational audiology is dominated by efforts to address noise-induced hearing loss. A 'noise' despite the reality of workers' exposures to a range of ototoxic stressors that act synergistically on the ear, resulting in audio-vestibular disorders.

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“…Pharmacological research has shown that ototoxins can damage or destroy mechanosensory inner ear hair cells, resulting in diminished senses of hearing and balance (Smith et al, 2016; Uribe et al, 2013; Watt, 2019). Varying degrees of ototoxic side effects have been attributed to common pharmacological agents such as antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antineoplastic chemicals (Yorgason et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AXenopusneuromast bioassay for chemical ototoxicity

Knight

Luna

Serrano

2022

Preprint

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Background: Ototoxic chemicals can impair the senses of hearing and balance in mammals through irreversible damage to the mechanosensory bundles of inner ear hair cells. Fish and amphibians are useful models for investigating ototoxicity because their inner ear hair cells, like those of mammals, are susceptible to damage by ototoxins. Moreover, amphibian mechanosensation is augmented by a lateral line organ on the body surface that comprises external mechanosensory hair cells. The lateral line hair cells are arranged in clusters (neuromasts) and are structurally and functionally similar to inner ear hair cells, but are more accessible for experimental manipulation. Herein, we implemented neuromasts of the amphibian (Xenopus) lateral line as an organ system for evaluating the effects of ototoxic chemicals, such as antibiotics, on mechanosensory hair cell bundles. Methods: We examined the ultrastructure of larval Xenopus laevis neuromasts with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after larvae were continuously exposed to ototoxic aminoglycoside antibiotics at sub-lethal concentrations (gentamicin; streptomycin; neomycin) for 72 hours. Results: SEM images demonstrated that 72 hours of exposure to antibiotic concentrations greater than 25 μM reduced the hair cell bundle number in lateral line neuromasts. Conclusion: Therapeutic drug studies will benefit from the incorporation of bioassay strategies that evaluate ototoxicity across multiple species including genera of amphibian origin such as Xenopus. Our outcomes support the use of the Xenopus lateral line for identification of potential ototoxic chemicals and suggest that Xenopus neuromast hair cell bundles can withstand antibiotic exposure. The Xenopus bioassay presented here can be incorporated into drug discovery methodology as a high-resolution phenotypic screen for ototoxic effects.

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Ototoxicity: Visualized in Concept Maps

Cited by 32 publications

References 31 publications

Chemicals, noise and occupational hearing health in South Africa: A mapping study

Chemicals, noise and occupational hearing health in South Africa: A mapping study

A critical analysis of the current South African occupational health law and hearing loss

AXenopusneuromast bioassay for chemical ototoxicity

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