Ototoxicity as a Side-Effect of Drugs: Literature Review

Abstract

Background:The first reports of drug ototoxicity were documented in the 1940s. Epidemiological data indicate that changes in audiometric image may affect several percent of patients taking ototoxic drugs. Ototoxicity is manifested by hearing loss and/or changes in the vestibular system. Knowledge of mechanisms responsible for ototoxic effects, as well as important physiological parameters of the human body, may be used as a basis for developing guidelines for the pharmacotherapy. The aim of this paper is to draw attention to the scale and nature of adverse effects of ototoxic drugs. Materials and methods:The review of current literature included the databases PubMed, ResearchGate, GoogleScholar, and ScienceDirect. The studies were reviewed in relation to the inclusion criteria and subsequently evaluated for internal and external validity.Results: According to the literature, pharmacotherapy using drugs with documented ototoxic potential may cause hearing loss and changes in the vestibular system. Depending on the drugs used, changes may be reversible or irreversible. Pathological changes involve hair cells in Corti's organ, stria vascularis, and cochlear potentials. The effect of drugs may cause dysfunction in psychophysical and psychosocial development, especially important for the pediatric population. Conclusion:The ototoxicity of drugs is well known as a cause of cochlear hearing loss. Due to the nature of these substances and their use, more extensive monitoring of adverse reactions should be introduced, including in clinical trial protocols.

Ototoxicity: a high risk to auditory function that needs to be monitored in drug development

“…Drug classes most associated with ototoxicity include antibiotics, such as aminoglycosides (gentamicin, kanamycin, …), and macrolides (azithromycin) ( Rybak et al, 2021 ), platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents (cisplatin) ( Karasawa and Steyger, 2015 ; Campbell and Le Prell, 2018 ; Hammill and Campbell, 2018 ; Barbieri et al, 2019 ; Reynard and Thai-Van, 2023 ), loop diuretics, such as furosemide ( Ding et al, 2016 ; Joo et al, 2018 ; Altissimi et al, 2020 ; Skarzynska et al, 2020 ), antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine ( Altissimi et al, 2020 ; Coffin et al, 2021 ; Jozefowicz-Korczynska et al, 2021 ), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetylsalicylic acid ( Ganesan et al, 2018 ; Altissimi et al, 2020 ). In addition, other drugs have been identified to be potentially ototoxic such as capsaicin, cimetidine, epinephrine, hydroxyzine, and sucralfate as possible candidate ( Barbieri et al, 2019 ) and some immunosuppressant drugs, such as tacrolimus ( Franz et al, 2022 ) and potentially cyclosporine ( Waissbluth, 2020 ).…”

Autosomal dominant hearing loss – literature review

“…Ze względu na przyczynę uszkodzenia słuchu wyodrębnić możemy: HL uwarunkowany genetycznie i/lub czynnikami środowiskowymi (np. leki ototoksyczne, zakażenia wirusowe i bakteryjne, urazy głowy, narażenie na hałas) [7][8][9][10][11]. Szacuje się, że ok. 50% przypadków HL prelingwalnego ma podłoże genetyczne.…”

Evaluasi Rasionalitas Penggunaan Antihipertensi Golongan Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB) pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronis

“…Penggunaan ARB dengan furosemid dapat menyebabkan terjadinya hipotensi simtomatik serta meningkatkan atau menurunkan kadar kalium (Preston, 2015). Furosemide juga memiliki kemampuan tinggi dalam mengikat protein plasma serta diekskresikan melaui ginjal, sehingga pasien dengan gagal ginjal sangat rentan terhadap ototoksisitas (Skarzynska, M.B., Król, B. and Czajka, 2020).…”