Otolith microchemistry reveals spatio-temporal heterogeneity of natal sources and inter-basin migrations of Chinook salmon in Lake Huron

Marklevitz, Stephen A.C.; Fryer, Brian J.; Johnson, James E.; Gonder, David; Morbey, Yolanda E.

doi:10.1016/j.jglr.2016.03.007

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Each spring, juvenile (age-0) hatchery fish are adipose-fin-clipped for identification and are released immediately downstream of the hatchery-stream effluence at rkm 2.9 (downstream of the artificial spawning channels) in May and June (Denis Wiseman, personal communication); hereafter, this site will be referred to as the "stocking site." Hatchery and naturalized Chinook Salmon return to spawn in the Sydenham River from September to mid-October after spending 2-4 years foraging in Lake Huron (Kocik and Jones 1999;Marklevitz et al 2016).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat Use and Arrival Timing of Hatchery and Naturalized Chinook Salmon Spawning in a Great Lakes Tributary

Marklevitz

Morbey

2017

Trans Am Fish Soc

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Large‐scale stocking programs have been used to introduce and maintain Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha fisheries in the Laurentian Great Lakes since the late 1960s, with discoveries of naturalized populations in tributaries soon after the initial introduction. Characterizing ecological differences between hatchery and naturalized Chinook Salmon is becoming increasingly important for sustainable management of this species. We hypothesized that nonheritable traits (i.e., homing) and artificial selection might result in different habitat use and arrival timing between rearing origins occupying the same river, with the potential for reproductive isolation and divergence of naturalized and hatchery strains. In 2010 and 2011, using visual observations and PIT tags, we tracked individual hatchery and naturalized Chinook Salmon that spawned in the Sydenham River (Owen Sound, Ontario), one of the first tributaries in Lake Huron to be colonized by hatchery strays and establish a naturalized population. We estimated that 52–58% of the 3,200–3,300 fish returning to spawn in 3.5 km of accessible spawning habitat were hatchery fish. In females, the extent of prespawning movement increased with arrival date, decreased with fish length, and was lower for hatchery fish. Hatchery females also displayed a higher probability of direct homing to the stocking site than naturalized females. Prespawning movements by males were extensive but did not depend on rearing origin, arrival timing, or body size. We found no evidence of reproductive isolation, however. Spatial distributions of spawning locations were independent of rearing origin for both sexes, and arrival timing in the river was similar between rearing origins for both sexes. The lack of reproductive isolation is likely attributable to the small area of suitable habitat in this river. Our study represents the first comprehensive comparison of spawning habitat use and timing by hatchery and naturalized Chinook Salmon in the Great Lakes. Received October 26, 2016; accepted February 22, 2017 Published online April 24, 2017

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Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat Use and Arrival Timing of Hatchery and Naturalized Chinook Salmon Spawning in a Great Lakes Tributary

Marklevitz

Morbey

2017

Trans Am Fish Soc

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“…Previous studies have used otolith microchemistry to identify life history variation and natal origin of anadromous (Kennedy et al 2000(Kennedy et al , 2002Barnett-Johnson et al 2008;Brennan et al 2015) and freshwater fishes (Muhlfeld et al 2012;Heckel et al 2020). In contrast, few studies have used otolith microchemistry to identify the contributions of natural and hatchery-produced fishes in a freshwater system (also see Marklevitz et al 2016). 2020, under-group kokanee were stocked at a time similar to other hatchery groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natal Contributions of Kokanee Salmon to Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Wyoming–Utah: An Evaluation Using Otolith Microchemistry

Black

Walrath

Willmes

et al. 2023

Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management

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In a system that uses supplemental stocking to enhance a fishery that serves a dual purpose, an understanding of the contributions from natural and hatchery-produced fish is important so that hatchery resources can be appropriately allocated. Kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka were first stocked in Flaming Gorge Reservoir (FGR), Wyoming-Utah, in 1963 and serve a dual purpose as a prey resource and sport fish. Although natural recruitment occurs in the reservoir, a supplemental stocking program was initiated in 1991. The goal of this research was to identify the natal origin (i.e., natural, hatchery) of kokanee in FGR using otolith microchemistry. Return to the creel, composition of spawning aggregates, and growth of kokanee in FGR were evaluated with a focus on differences associated with natal origin. Kokanee otoliths collected from hatcheries (n = 60) and FGR (n = 1,003) were analyzed for the strontium isotope ratio, 87Sr/86Sr, using laser ablation and a multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Kruskal-Wallis tests were conducted to compare the Sr isotope ratios from the otolith edge of kokanee sampled from hatcheries and FGR. Based on 87Sr/86Sr ratios, natural-origin kokanee could be distinguished from eleven out of the twelve hatcheries (P < 0.01); however, the Wigwam Hatchery was not significantly different from FGR (P = 0.84). Model-based discriminant function analysis was used to assign natal origins for kokanee caught in FGR. Hatchery contribution to the population at large varied from 21% to 50% among year classes from 2014 to 2018. The percentage of hatchery origin kokanee in the creel (18-50%) was similar to what was observed in the population. Hatchery-produced kokanee contributed a higher proportion to tributary-spawning aggregates (40-90%) than shoreline-spawning aggregates (19-58%) by sample year. Growth of natural and hatchery kokanee was similar, suggesting similar performance in the system. Results from this study identify that hatchery supplementation contributes to the population and recreational harvest of kokanee in FGR. This research also provides insight on the ecology of kokanee that is useful for better understanding kokanee population dynamics in reservoir systems.

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“…Water is diverted to the hatchery from Weaver Creek, and fish are fed using timed feeding systems. Age-0 Chinook salmon are released back to the river each spring (discussed in [41]) and return as adult salmon to spawn after 2-4 years of feeding in Lake Huron [42,43]. These fish likely travel widely throughout the lake over the course of their life cycle before returning to natal streams [44].…”

Section: Methods (A) Experimental Animals and Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Field assessments of heart rate dynamics during spawning migration of wild and hatchery-reared Chinook salmon

Twardek

Ekström

Eliason

et al. 2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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During spawning, adult Pacific salmonids ( Oncorhynchus spp . ) complete challenging upriver migrations during which energy and oxygen delivery must be partitioned into activities such as locomotion, maturation and spawning behaviours under the constraints of an individual's cardiac capacity. To advance our understanding of cardiac function in free-swimming fishes, we implanted migrating adult Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) collected near the mouth of the Sydenham River, Ontario, with heart rate ( f H ) biologgers that recorded f H every 3 min until these semelparous fish expired on spawning grounds several days later. Fundamental aspects of cardiac function were quantified, including resting, routine and maximum f H , as well as scope for f H (maximum−resting f H ). Predictors of f H were explored using generalized least-squares regression, including water temperature, discharge, fish size and fish origin (wild versus hatchery). Heart rate was positively correlated with water temperature, which aligned closely with daily and seasonal shifts. Wild fish had slower resting heart rates than hatchery fish, which led to significantly higher scope for f H . Our findings suggest that wild salmon may have better cardiac capacity during migration than hatchery fish, potentially promoting migration success in wild fish. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Measuring physiology in free-living animals (Part I)’.

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Otolith microchemistry reveals spatio-temporal heterogeneity of natal sources and inter-basin migrations of Chinook salmon in Lake Huron

Cited by 12 publications

References 54 publications

Habitat Use and Arrival Timing of Hatchery and Naturalized Chinook Salmon Spawning in a Great Lakes Tributary

Habitat Use and Arrival Timing of Hatchery and Naturalized Chinook Salmon Spawning in a Great Lakes Tributary

Natal Contributions of Kokanee Salmon to Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Wyoming–Utah: An Evaluation Using Otolith Microchemistry

Field assessments of heart rate dynamics during spawning migration of wild and hatchery-reared Chinook salmon

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