“…Sagittal otoliths are used widely for taxonomic and biological studies in non-ostariophysan teleosts because of their large size, relative ease of access and their variation in shape and size in different groups of fishes (Tuset et al, 2003). Otoliths have been used frequently in recent years for species, population and stock identification F I G U R E 1 Map of the Pomeranian Bay (with sampling routes located between A and B) (Duarte-Neto et al, 2008;Hüssy et al, 2016;Turan, 2006), in paleoichthyology (Gierl et al, 2018;Reichenbacher et al, 2007;Reichenbacher & Reichard, 2014) and bioarchaeology (van Neer et al, 2004), to identify fossil fish assemblages for phylogenetic or climatological studies (Andrus et al, 2002;Woydack & Morales-Nin,-2001), in trophic ecology (Tuset et al, 1996), and in functional morphology (Parmentier et al, 2007). In general, researchers (e.g., Pierce et al, 2009;Smale et al, 1995;Tuset et al, 2012) acknowledge that otoliths (mainly sagittae) are among the most widely used structures for identifying fish prey.…”