Otolaryngology and Sport Scuba Diving

Neblett, Lewis M.

doi:10.1177/00034894850940s101

Cited by 37 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The influence of ambient pressure changes on cochlear and vestibular function has been indicated in several reports of aerospace and underwater medicine, [3][4][5][6] as well as in studies on the effects of pressure chamber treatment of Meniere's disease. 7 " 10 In this study, we present new results together with material from previous studies in order to appreciate which is of greater importance during exposure to hypobaric pressure: the large pressure deflections or the emerging pressure gradients across the membranes and channels of the skull.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure Gradients Affecting the Labyrinth during Hypobaric Pressure

Konrádsson¹,

Carlborg²,

Farmer

1997

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol

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Hypobaric effects on the perilymph pressure were investigated in 18 cats. The perilymph, tympanic cavity, cerebrospinal fluid, and systemic and ambient pressure changes were continuously recorded relative to the atmospheric pressure. The pressure equilibration of the eustachian tube and the cochlear aqueduct was studied, as well as the effects of blocking these channels. During ascent, the physiologic opening of the eustachian tube reduced the pressure gradients across the tympanic membrane. The patent cochlear aqueduct equilibrated perilymph pressure to cerebrospinal fluid compartment levels with a considerable pressure gradient across the oval and round windows. With the aqueduct blocked, the pressure decrease within the labyrinth and tympanic cavities was limited, resulting in large pressure gradients toward the chamber and the cerebrospinal fluid compartments, respectively. We conclude that closed cavities with limited pressure release capacities are the cause of the pressure gradients. The strain exerted by these pressure gradients is potentially harmful to the ear.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure Gradients Affecting the Labyrinth during Hypobaric Pressure

Konrádsson¹,

Carlborg²,

Farmer

1997

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol

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“…Various other factors, however, make it is difficult to evaluate divers correctly. To address this problem, even if a diver's symptoms improve, he or she should forego diving if vertigo occurs at the surface as the diver performs the Valsalva maneuver (18). We believe that persistent AV might be an intermediate condition between AV and inner ear barotraumas.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Altered Eustachian Tube Function in SCUBA Divers With Alternobaric Vertigo

Kitajima

Sugita-Kitajima

Kitajima

2014

Otology &Amp; Neurotology

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“…Symptoms vary from a sensation of pressure and pain to conductive hearing loss, with immediate relief of pain if tympanic membrane rupture takes place. Such rupture may be followed by acute vertigo, due to the significant pressure differential between the ears or uneven caloric stimulation when water enters the middle ear [10]. The management of middle ear barotrauma consists of topical nasal and systemic decongestants.…”

Section: Otologic Barotraumamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Vestibular Testing in the Evaluation of Patients Engaged in Occupations in Non-Terrestrial Conditions

Shupak¹,

Gordon²,

Nachum³

2001

Otorhinolaryngol Nova

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Persons engaged in special occupations rely heavily on the vestibular system for spatial orientation under non-terrestrial conditions. These include professional divers, aircraft pilots, and seamen. Vestibular symptoms in these populations might result from the entire known spectrum of inner ear diseases. In addition, disequilibrium, vertigo, hearing loss and autonomic symptoms might stem from the specific conditions to which such individuals are exposed. Inner ear barotrauma, inner ear decompression sickness, motion sickness, and mal de debarquement are discussed with special reference to the use of various vestibular function tests for patient diagnosis and management. Professional divers and aircraft pilots may be subjected to rapid and large changes in ambient pressure with increased risk to previously damaged vestibular and cochlear systems. Spatial disorientation and acute vertigo represent a life-threatening hazard, not only for the submersed diver and the pilot flying a sophisticated aircraft, but also for other people dependent on their abilities, such as diving companions or airline passengers. On the other hand, significant consideration should be given to the high investment on the part of the individual and society in such highly professional careers. The role of vestibular testing in the evaluation and follow-up of such patients and the decision about compatibility with a highly demanding profession are discussed.

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Otolaryngology and Sport Scuba Diving

Cited by 37 publications

References 15 publications

Pressure Gradients Affecting the Labyrinth during Hypobaric Pressure

Pressure Gradients Affecting the Labyrinth during Hypobaric Pressure

Altered Eustachian Tube Function in SCUBA Divers With Alternobaric Vertigo

The Role of Vestibular Testing in the Evaluation of Patients Engaged in Occupations in Non-Terrestrial Conditions

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