Otolaryngologic and head and neck manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Marcusen, David C.; Sooy, C. Daniel

doi:10.1288/00005537-198504000-00006

Cited by 144 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…1 Head and neck disease is amongst the most commonly reported manifestation of HIV/AIDS, and has been documented since the discovery of HIV in the early 1980s. 2,3 The incidence of head and neck related symptoms of HIV/AIDS has been reported to vary between 40 and 90 per cent. [4][5][6][7] Many of these symptoms are characterised by involvement of the auditory system, as a result of the direct effect of HIV infection, or indirectly due to a combination of opportunistic infections or associated ototoxic treatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of vestibular disorders related to human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

2011

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Introduction: Disorders of the auditory and vestibular system are often associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. However, the extent and nature of these vestibular manifestations are unclear.Objective: To systematically review the current peer-reviewed literature on vestibular manifestations and pathology related to human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.Method: Systematic review of peer-reviewed articles related to vestibular findings in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Several electronic databases were searched.Results: We identified 442 records, reduced to 210 after excluding duplicates and reviews. These were reviewed for relevance to the scope of the study.Discussion: We identified only 13 reports investigating vestibular functioning and pathology in individuals affected by human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This condition can affect both the peripheral and central vestibular system, irrespective of age and viral disease stage. Peripheral vestibular involvement may affect up to 50 per cent of patients, and central vestibular involvement may be even more prevalent. Post-mortem studies suggest direct involvement of the entire vestibular system, while opportunistic infections such as oto-and neurosyphilis and encephalitis cause secondary vestibular dysfunction resulting in vertigo, dizziness and imbalance.Conclusion: Patients with human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome should routinely be monitored for vestibular involvement, to minimise functional limitations of quality of life.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of vestibular disorders related to human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

2011

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“…In this setting, miscellaneous pathological changes that are closely related to this retroviral infection or to its various complications have been reported (1,2). Among these, a somewhat underrecognized and intriguing feature is the occasional presence of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) in hyperplastic lymphoid tissue of the WR (2-10).…”

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confidence: 99%

HIV-Associated Multinucleated Giant Cells in Lymphoid Tissue of the Waldeyer's Ring: A Detailed Study

et al. 2000

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Hyperplastic lymphoid tissues of the Waldeyer's ring in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients may occasionally contain multinucleated giant cells (MGCs). These cells, which are unrelated to any opportunistic infection, previously have been demonstrated to harbor significant amounts of HIV. Studies undertaken to characterize these MGCs have generated conflicting results: some reports suggested a macrophage origin, whereas others supported a dendritic cell lineage. This study was performed to determine the occurrence of MGCs in a series of adenoid/tonsil specimens from HIV-seropositive patients showing no histological evidence of opportunistic infection in order to further characterize the phenotype of these cells and to investigate the role of a viral infection in their pathogenesis. Adenoid/tonsil tissue specimens from 21 HIV-seropositive patients with no documented opportunistic infection were scrutinized for the presence of MGCs and evaluated immunohistochemically on paraffin sections by antibodies directed against various macrophage and DC antigens. These antigens included CD68, the macrophage marker 3A5, major histocompatibility complex Class II, S-100 protein, CD1a, and CD83. Additional immunostainings directed at CD21 and CD35 as well as at the HIV-associated p24 antigen were also performed. Finally, the presence of Epstein-Barr virus and human herpesvirus 8 viral sequences was investigated by in situ hybridization and by polymerase chain reaction analysis, respectively. MGCs were found in 14 patients (66.7%), regardless of gender, age, method of viral transmission, CD4 cell count, viral load, or ethnic group. These cells were mostly localized at the lymphoepithelium layer of the tonsillar crypts and, to a lesser extent, in the interfollicular areas of the underlying lymphoid tissue, which consistently exhibited features of follicular hyperplasia. Phenotypically, MGCs were found to be CD68 ؉ , 3A5 ؉ , major histocompatibility complex Class II ؉ , S-100 protein ؉/؊ , CD1a ؊ , CD21 ؊ , CD35 ؊ , and CD83 ؊ . Although the HIV-associated p24 protein was consistently present in the cytoplasm of these cells, no sign of Epstein-Barr virus or human herpesvirus 8 infection could be demonstrated. Consequently, our study didn't show any conclusive evidence to support that MGCs in hyperplastic lymphoid tissues of the Waldeyer's ring from HIV-seropositive patients originated from dendritic cells. The definite nature of these cells has yet to be elucidated, but it is plausible that they simply represent activated macrophages that are infected with HIV present in the oropharyngeal secretions during the circulation of their precursor through the lymphoepithelium area of adenoids and tonsils.

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“…Similar studies in the USA, Spain and Brazil identified oropharyngeal candidiasis and kaposis sarcoma as the commonest primary manifestations of HIV/AIDS in the head and neck region. [20][21][22] This is at variant with our finding of chronic tonsillitis as the commonest ENTH&N condition that is associated with HIV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Outcome of retroviral screening among patients undergoing ear, nose, throat, head and neck surgery, at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Adobamen

Ediale

2018

Int J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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Background: In Nigeria it has been estimated that 3.6% of the population are living with HIV/AIDS. Patients with different social, family, occupational and epidemiological background present for ear, nose, throat, head and neck (ENTH&N) surgeries in our hospital. The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of HIV infection among patients for ENTH&N surgeries and to document the ENTH&N conditions that were associated with HIV infection.Methods: This was a prospective study that was carried out in the ENTH&N Surgery department of UBTH, Benin City, Nigeria, between January, 2009 and December, 2010. All patients that were worked up for surgeries were enrolled into the study. Appropriate data were retrieved from the patients who gave informed consent for surgery and had retroviral screening and confirmatory tests by ELISA and Western blot methods respectively. The retroviral status of all the patients and the indications for the surgical procedures done were documented. Results: There were 173 patients; 100 males and 73 females, with a male to female ratio of 1.37:1. Ages ranged from 0.83 years to 72 years, with an average age of 26.82 years. Out of a total of 168 patients screened for HIV infection in this study, 6 patients were retroviral positive. This gives a prevalence of 0.036%. Out of the 6 patients that were retroviral positive, 3 patients had chronic tonsillitis, 1 patient had chronic tonsillitis and otitis media with effusion, while the other 2 patients had submandibular gland and nasopharyngeal tumours respectively.Conclusions: A prevalence of 0.036% of HIV infection was found in patients for ENTH&N surgeries. Chronic tonsillitis was the commonest presentation of HIV infection, equally followed by OME, nasopharyngeal and submandibular gland tumours.

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Otolaryngologic and head and neck manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Cited by 144 publications

References 5 publications

Systematic review of vestibular disorders related to human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Systematic review of vestibular disorders related to human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

HIV-Associated Multinucleated Giant Cells in Lymphoid Tissue of the Waldeyer's Ring: A Detailed Study

Outcome of retroviral screening among patients undergoing ear, nose, throat, head and neck surgery, at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

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