Otitis Media in Children: Review Article

Ilechukwu, GC; Ilechukwu, C; Ubesie, Agozie C; Ojinnaka, C. N.; Emechebe, GO; Iloh, Kenechukwu K

doi:10.4236/ojped.2014.41006

Cited by 31 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Nasopharyngitis in particular set the stage for acute otitis media by allowing spread ofpathogenic organisms from the nasopharynx into the middle ear via the Eustachian tube. 9 It is interesting that acute otitis media was most common presentation of ear-related problems among the children seen at the Paediatric Outpatient clinic while CSOM was the most common among those seen in the Otorhinolaryngology Clinic. In a prospective study carried out inthe Otorhinolaryngology Clinic of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital in North-central Nigeria, children less than 10 years accounted for more than half of the CSOM seen over a seven month period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ear-related problems among children attending the paediatric and otorhinolaryngology out-patients clinics of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu

Ilechukwu

Ezeanolue

et al. 2016

Afr H. Sci.

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Background: Ear related diseases are commonly seen in clinics worldwide especially among children. They are associated with significant morbidity and frequent hospital visits. Limited data exists regarding the burden of ear disease among Nigerian children. Objective: To determine the prevalence of ear-related problems among children presenting at the Paediatric and Otorhinolaryngology clinics of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Paediatric and Otorhinolaryngology Clinics of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu. All children aged 0 and 17 years presenting between 1 st June and 31 st August 2006 with ear-related problems were enrolled consecutively into the study. Data analysis was by SPSS version 11. Results: Three thousand and twenty-one children were seen during the study period. Out of these, 248 children (8.2%) presented with ear-related problems. Chronic otitis media (30.5%), acute otitis media (29.9%), cerumen auris (11.3%), otitis externa(10.1%), hearing impairment (7.3%) and foreign body in the ear (5.7%) were the most commonly diagnosed ear-related problems. Conclusion: Ear-related problems among children presenting at the UNTH Enugu were not uncommon. However, otitis media was the most commonly diagnosed ailment affecting the ears in children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ear-related problems among children attending the paediatric and otorhinolaryngology out-patients clinics of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu

Ilechukwu

Ezeanolue

et al. 2016

Afr H. Sci.

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“…Two main types include acute otitis media (AOM) and otitis media with effusion (OME), although they are rather a continuum of disease. The aetiology of OM is complex and includes multiple interacting factors, which are, among others, host factors (allergy, immunocompetence and genetic predisposition), anatomic/physiologic features (mainly related to the Eustachian tube), infections (viral and bacterial) and environmental factors (tobacco smoke exposure, air pollution and socio-economic status) (Casselbrant and Mandel, 2010;Ilechukwu et al, 2014;Qureishi et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal Evidence for Otitis Media in Mediaeval and Post‐Mediaeval Children from Poland, Central Europe

Krenz‐Niedbała

Łukasik

2016

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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In palaeopathological research, otitis media (OM) is a rarely reported disease, although it is one of the most common diseases of childhood, with potentially severe consequences resulting in physical and social impairment, or even death. The episodes of OM are often preceded by upper respiratory tract infections, though the aetiology of OM is multifactorial, with significant role of environmental factors. In archaeological skeletons, middle ear inflammation is identified as erosive lesions and new bone formation of auditory ossicles. The aim of this study was to examine the skeletal signs of OM in children from a mediaeval early urban site (Cedynia) and a post‐mediaeval rural site (Słaboszewo) located on the territory of Poland. Among the entire sample (N = 435), ear bones were present in 99 skeletons. The total of 168 ossicles were examined. The general frequency of individuals with eroded ossicles was 47.5% (53.4% in Cedynia and 39.0% in Słaboszewo). In the total sample, 33.9% of ear bones showed pathological changes, with the incudes being most frequently affected. The frequency of altered ossicles was significantly higher in the early urban site than in the rural settlement (42.2% vs 25.9%, respectively; Fisher exact test, p = 0.0339). The children aged 0–3 years old tend to have a higher frequency of altered ear bones than the children aged 4–11 years old. The majority of the mastoid processes of the subadults with ear bone erosion show abnormal pneumatisation pattern. The results indicate that the environmental and socio‐cultural conditions in the stronghold likely made their inhabitants more prone to upper respiratory tract infections than the inhabitants of the village. A variety of factors may be responsible for this pattern, such as exposure to dust, environmental pollution, indoor pollution, wood smoke, occupation, population density, sanitation and quality of housing. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Otitis media (OM) is a group of complex infective and inflammatory conditions, with a variety of subtypes differing in signs and symptoms, complications and treatment (Qureishi et al 2014). The etiology of OM is complex and includes multiple interacting factors, which are, among others, host factors, anatomic/ physiologic features, infections (viral and bacterial) and environmental factors (tobacco smoke exposure, air pollution and socio-economic status) (Casselbrant and Mandel 2010;Ilechukwu et al 2014;Qureishi et al 2014;Zhang et al 2014). In the majority of children, viral infection of the upper respiratory tract initiates the cascade of events that finally leads to the development of OM.…”

Section: Otitis Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and health status of children and adolescents in medieval Central Europe

Krenz‐Niedbała

2017

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Subadult growth and health have been analyzed in three cemetery samples from medieval Poland, including two early-urban sites: Cedynia dated to the 10th-14th centuries AD, and Ostrów Lednicki dated to the 13th-15th centuries AD, and a rural site Słaboszewo dated to the 14th-17th centuries AD. The nutritional status was not expected to have substantially differed among the settlements, due to the culturally induced undiversified diet of children, and predominant share of medium-to-low status individuals. However, city life and village life were supposed to differ in factors correlated with the spread of infections, and as such it was expected to find significant differences in respiratory health among early-urban and rural dwellers.The prevalences of diet-dependent diseases, scurvy and rickets, were found to be statistically indistinguishable among the three studied populations, while higher frequency of skeletal signs of poor respiratory health was observed in early-urban Cedynia than rural Słaboszewo. Slightly lower prevalences of skeletal stress indicators were found for the rural than the early-urban site. Skeletal growth profiles and the dynamics of long bone growth were found to be remarkably similar for the early-urban samples (Cedynia and Ostrów Lednicki), with the rural subadults having the shortest diaphyseal lengths, and lower growth dynamics.It can be concluded that adverse factors associated with the urban settlement were more detrimental to respiratory health than those in the village. A variety of factors are potentially responsible for this pattern, including population density, building structure, quality of air and water, sanitation, and occupation. Perhaps, the key factor in response to environmental and socio-cultural constraints was the stability of living conditions in the village, which allowed the inhabitants to develop sufficient adaptive mechanisms. In contrast, the history of strongholds such as Cedynia was changeable due to political situation, military threats and migrations of people.

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Otitis Media in Children: Review Article

Cited by 31 publications

References 20 publications

Ear-related problems among children attending the paediatric and otorhinolaryngology out-patients clinics of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu

Ear-related problems among children attending the paediatric and otorhinolaryngology out-patients clinics of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu

Skeletal Evidence for Otitis Media in Mediaeval and Post‐Mediaeval Children from Poland, Central Europe

Growth and health status of children and adolescents in medieval Central Europe

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