Otitis Media

Abstract

During most of recorded history, the application of knowledge to the care of individual patients was founded on the experience of individual medical practitioners; when published, it basically took the form of case reports. Not until the middle of the 20th Century did randomized controlled trials (RCTs) come to be the gold standard. By the beginning of the 21st Century, however, the limitations of RCTs and their syntheses, the meta-analyses, have come to be recognized, and their applicability to the individual patient questioned and, indeed, challenged. The intense increase in our knowledge base and in accompanying technology has made possible the personalization of medicine beyond the possibilities of earlier periods. The approach of personalized medicine requires evaluation of four parameters: the individual patient's intrinsic susceptibility, intrinsic morbidity, extrinsic susceptibility, and extrinsic morbidity. The characteristics of the disease agent--how much (duration) and how virulent--also must be factored in. These individualized data define the appropriate intervention: high susceptibility and/or morbidity or low susceptibility and/or morbidity and the aggregate of the intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors are cofactored in medical decision making.

Panel 3: Genetics and Precision Medicine of Otitis Media

“…3 Recent literature has highlighted the importance of distinguishing patterns of illness in acute OM to enable appropriate precision and individualized care. 4 Currently, these concepts apply primarily to clinical presentations, such as bilateral acute disease, to inform the use of antibiotics or surgical intervention.…”

Tunable ciprofloxacin delivery through personalized electrospun patches for tympanic membrane perforations

“…In this view, a sustained delivery of the antibiotic is essential for limiting the proliferation of the responsible pathogens, as well as for preventing chances of reinfection. The exact duration of the antibiotic therapy is largely dependent on patient's medical history and the administered dose [ 65 , 66 ]. Therefore, fabrication of TM patches with tunable drug releasing capabilities was investigated.…”

“…Moreover, the topical application of the drug has been reported to be more effective in targeting the infected area as compared to the systemic approach [ 73 ]. In general, an antibiotic treatment for 7 days is sufficient to resolve most CSOM infections [ 14 ]; however, a personalized drug dosage and duration might be essential for avoiding any therapeutic complications [ 66 ].…”

Personalized Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases

“…Ruben29) introduced practical application of personalized medicine, proposed four parameters; the individual patients intrinsic susceptibility, intrinsic morbidity, extrinsic susceptibility, and extrinsic morbidity. Intrinsic susceptibility included genetic makeup, family history, and genetic information.…”