Otic barotrauma from air travel

Mirza, Showkat; Richardson, Hugh H.

doi:10.1258/0022215053945723

Cited by 82 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Those pressure variations are several orders of magnitude larger than the acoustically induced pressure levels and are caused by ambient pressure changes as well as by every day activities like taking an elevator, flying or even changing the body posture, e.g. Hüttenbrink (1997); Dirckx (2007); Mirza and Richardson (2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanics of the incudo-malleolar-joint – Experimental investigations for quasi-static loads

et al. 2016

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Under large quasi-static loads, the incudo-malleolar joint (IMJ), connecting the malleus and the incus, is highly mobile. It can be classified as a mechanical filter decoupling large quasi-static motions while transferring small dynamic excitations. This is presumed to be due to the complex geometry of the joint inducing a spatial decoupling between the malleus and incus under large quasi-static loads. Spatial Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) displacement measurements on isolated malleus-incus-complexes (MICs) were performed. With the malleus firmly attached to a probe holder, the incus was excited by applying quasi-static forces at different points. For each force application point the resulting displacement was measured subsequently at different points on the incus. The location of the force application point and the LDV measurement points were calculated in a post-processing step combining the position of the LDV points with geometric data of the MIC. The rigid body motion of the incus was then calculated from the multiple displacement measurements for each force application point. The contact regions of the articular surfaces for different load configurations were calculated by applying the reconstructed motion to the geometry model of the MIC and calculate the minimal distance of the articular surfaces. The reconstructed motion has a complex spatial characteristic and varies for different force application points. The motion changed with increasing load caused by the kinematic guidance of the articular surfaces of the joint. The IMJ permits a relative large rotation around the anterior-posterior axis through the joint when a force is applied at the lenticularis in lateral direction before impeding the motion. This is part of the decoupling of the malleus motion from the incus motion in case of large quasi-static loads. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. AbstractUnder large quasi-static loads, the incudo-malleolar joint (IMJ), connecting the malleus and the incus, is highly mobile. It can be classified as a mechanical filter decoupling large quasi-static motions while transferring small dynamic excitations. This is presumed to be due to the complex geometry of the joint inducing a spatial decoupling between the malleus and incus under large quasi-static loads.Spatial Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) displacement measurements on isolated malleus-incus-complexes (MICs) were performed. With the malleus firmly attached to a probe holder, the incus was excited by applying quasi-static forces at different points. For each force application point the resulting displacement was measured ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanics of the incudo-malleolar-joint – Experimental investigations for quasi-static loads

et al. 2016

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“…Here notifications should be pointed out that the pressure regulation function of Eustachian Tube (ET) is not considered as a result that ET generally works as a one-way valve. The precondition for it to be opened passively is when the pressure differential between middle ear and ear canal is 15mmHg (2kPa) positive [12]. However, the pressure differential recorded by on-board tests is negative, which represents the ET is triggered to work during the high-speed train's passage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aural Discomfort Evaluation of Barometric Pressure in High-speed Train

Xie¹,

Peng²,

Zhang³

et al. 2017

dtetr

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Interior pressure of high-speed train varies when it passes through tunnels, which usually caused different levels of aural discomfort. As tympanic membrane (TM) plays a prominent role in pressure energy conversion and transmission, a finite element (FE) model including annular ligament (AL), pars flacidda (PF) and pars tensa (PT), was established in line with its anatomical structure. To quantitatively assess the barometric quality of train cabins, on-board tests were conducted to collect the interior pressure change history. Additionally, TM simulation in LS-DYNA was implemented to investigate the relationship between pressure changes and vibration characteristics. Based on the simulation results, displacement and velocity transfer function (VTF) of umbo were integrated as two indicators to judge aural discomfort and four discomfort levels were divided ranging from ideal, good, bad to worse. The results indicate that the threshold of displacement for each discomfort levels is 1.81μm, 2.10μm, 5.95μm and 11μm _______________________ 363respectively and the lower and upper bounds of VTF were confirmed as well. By imposing the recorded interior pressure onto TM surface, the displacement and VTF were produced. Depending on the established aural discomfort judgment method, the results derived from simulation under interior pressure load reveal that travellers in passenger cabin of head car experience large proportion of inner ear annoyance while crew in driver cabin undergo mixed discomfort from both TM and inner ear.

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Section: Uvodunclassified

“…Optimalno antimikrobno lečenje trebalo bi biti klinički efikasno, shodno tome da vodi brzoj eradikaciji bakterija sa sluznica. Među brojnim antibioticima kojima se leče infekcije respiratornog sistema važnu ulogu imaju penicilini, cefalosporini i makrolidi [1].Otitis media je zajednički termin za zapaljenski proces sluznice srednjeg uha. Oboljenje se ispoljava kao akutni proces, sporadični proces, rekurentni i u hroničnoj formi.…”

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The effectiveness of certain antibiotics in the treatment of acute otitis media in children

Trajković¹,

Djokic²,

Trajković³

2015

Praxis Med

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SAŽETAKMeđu brojnim antibioticima kojima se leče infekcije respiratornog sistema važnu ulogu imaju penicilini, cefalosporini i makrolidi. Akutno zapaljenje srednjeg uha je naglo nastala upala srednjeg uha sa trajanjem upalnog procesa do 3 nedelje. Po pravilu nastaje nosno-ždrelnim putem, a uzročnici su virusi, bakterije i/ili se radi o virusno/bakterijskoj koinfekciji. Utvrđivanje efikasnosti amoksicilina, amoksicilina sa klavulanskom kiselinom, ceftriaksona i azitromicina, kod dece uzrasta od 0 do 14 godina, u zavisnosti od broja ponovljenih epizoda. Materijal i metode: 120 pacijenata sa akutnim zapaljenjem srednjeg uha, lečenih u kabinetu za otorinolaringologiju Doma zdravlja Gračanica. Dijagnoza pacijentima je postavljena i potvrđena na osnovu fizičkog pregleda, laboratorijskih i mikrobioloških analiza i timpanometrijskog nalaza. Rezultati ispitivanja: 120 dece uzrasta od 0-14 godina. 52 (43,33%) muskog i 68 (56,67%) zenskog pola. U 37 (30.83%) jedna epizoda OMA, u 41 (34,86%) dve epizode, u 29 (24,16%) slučajeva tri i u 13 (10,83%) slučajeva više od tri epizode u proteklih godinu dana. Kod 23(19,16%) dve epizide akutnog zapaljenja kraći od dva meseca, kod 11(9,16%) dece 3 epizode u 6 meseci, i kod 13 (10,83%) dece četiri epizode OMA u periodu od godinu dana. Uzrocnici: Streptococcus pneumoniae (37.64%), Haemophilus inphluenzae (14.11%), Moraxella catarrhalis (12.94%) i Pseudomonas (12.94%), Staphilococcus aureus (4.70%), Escherichia coli (4.70%) i Streptococcus pyogenes (3.52%). Amoksicilin (90mg/kg tt) i Amoksicilin + Klavulanska kiselina (90mg/kg tt), Azitromicina (5-10mg/kg tt), Ceftriakson (50mg/kg tt). Na osnovu našeg istraživanja došli smo do podataka koji se uglavnom poklapaju sa preporukama SZO u lečenju OMA kod dece.Kljucne reči: akutno zapaljenje, antibiotik, srednje uho UVODInfekcije respiratornog sistema su među najčešćim bolestima u dečijem uzrastu. Uglavnom su virusne etiologije i povoljnog toka. Među bolestima respiratornog sistema koje zahtevaju antimikrobno lečenje najčešće su akutna upala uha, streptokokna angina do upale pluća. Optimalno antimikrobno lečenje trebalo bi biti klinički efikasno, shodno tome da vodi brzoj eradikaciji bakterija sa sluznica. Među brojnim antibioticima kojima se leče infekcije respiratornog sistema važnu ulogu imaju penicilini, cefalosporini i makrolidi [1].Otitis media je zajednički termin za zapaljenski proces sluznice srednjeg uha. Oboljenje se ispoljava kao akutni proces, sporadični proces, rekurentni i u hroničnoj formi.Otitis media acuta (akutno zapaljenje srednjeg uha) je naglo nastala upala srednjeg uha sa trajanjem upalnog procesa do 3 nedelje. Po pravilu nastaje nosno-ždrelnim putem, a uzročnici su virusi, bakterije i/ili se radi o virusno/bakterijskoj koinfekciji [2].Faktori rizika su obdanište, izloženost dimu cigareta, prethodna primena antibiotika, prethodna upala srednjeg uha. Veća učestalost AOM (akutni otitis media) je u periodu od 6-og do 24-og meseca života, jer su Eustahijeve tube kraće i pod manjim uglom predviđenim u navedenom uzrastu. Fizio...

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Otic barotrauma from air travel

Cited by 82 publications

References 14 publications

Biomechanics of the incudo-malleolar-joint – Experimental investigations for quasi-static loads

Biomechanics of the incudo-malleolar-joint – Experimental investigations for quasi-static loads

Aural Discomfort Evaluation of Barometric Pressure in High-speed Train

The effectiveness of certain antibiotics in the treatment of acute otitis media in children

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