Otherising Iran in American political discourse: case study of a post-JCPOA senate hearing on Iran sanctions

Kadkhodaee, Elham; Tari, Zeinab Ghasemi

doi:10.1080/01436597.2018.1513786

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The JCPOA negotiations brought the long‐existing confrontation between the moderate‐reformist alliance and the conservatives over the nuclear program to its peak. While most of the past scholarship on the nuclear negotiations either studies newspaper content (Ahmadian & Farahani, 2014; Kadkhodaee & Ghasemi Tari, 2019) or uses Twitter data network analysis (Abedin et al, 2018; Kermani & Adham, 2021), we used critical discourse analysis for an in‐depth examination of Twitter discourse. This is important because social media is the only arena for political participation in Iran in the absence of freedom of the press and assembly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discursive delegitimization of Rouhani's nuclear diplomacy and the Iran nuclear deal by Iranian conservatives on Twitter

Nourani

Mohammadian

Sarhaddi

et al. 2023

Digest Mid East Studies

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The reformist‐moderate and the conservative discourses have co‐existed and contended for primacy in the Iranian foreign policy since the 1979 revolution. The 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), also known as the Iran nuclear deal, has been at the core of this discursive contest in recent years. This article investigates how Iranian conservative tweeters delegitimized the JCPOA and President Rouhani's nuclear diplomacy. We use Van Leeuwen's discursive construction of legitimacy (2008) to analyze three popular conservative Twitter accounts. Findings show that the Iranian conservatives used the strategies of authorization, moral evaluation, and rationalization for legal and political criticism of the JCPOA, offending Rouhani's administration and allies, and questioning their political competence. This research partly reveals the conservatives' anti‐negotiation and anti‐West logic and their refusal to offer a diplomatic alternative to the JCPOA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discursive delegitimization of Rouhani's nuclear diplomacy and the Iran nuclear deal by Iranian conservatives on Twitter

Nourani

Mohammadian

Sarhaddi

et al. 2023

Digest Mid East Studies

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“…By focusing on the relationship between national identity and states' behaviour, she, similar to Shoaib, considers the 'Othering' of Iran as the by-product of the process of the United States' 'Self' construction that has been reinforced by historical mistrust and traumas. Kadkhodee and Ghasemi Tari (2019) also point to the dominance of 'Otherisation motifs' regarding Iran in American political and media discourses. In a similar vein, Duncombe (2016) highlights the importance of representation and recognition in IR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Finally, drawing on critical discourse studies (CDS), Kadkhodee and Ghasemi Tari (2019) investigate a number of discursive strategies such as argumentation, rhetorical figures, and lexis employed by the US senators in Congressional hearings on the nuclear deal. They argue that the Congressional hearings were political and ideological rather than rational and objective, and Iran was 'Otherised' in senators' discourse with the purpose of legitimising sanctions and rejecting the agreement deal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ‘existential threat’ or a ‘past pariah’: Securitisation of Iran and disagreements among American press

Amin

2019

Discourse & Communication

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The goal I pursue in this study is to explain the constitutive function of the newspapers’ opinion discourses from the perspective of securitisation theory. I discuss how the opinion articles and editorial collected from The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, USA Today and New York Post constructed the social reality (the Iran nuclear programme and deal) differently, as a result of their differing political ideologies, and sought to influence American foreign policy in line with their interests. Integrating securitisation theory with CDS, I investigated three types of discursive strategies ( representational, dialogical and argumentative strategies) employed by these articles and discussed their contribution to the construction of elements of securitisation. The findings showed that American newspapers’ commentary articles systematically securitised Iran (but sometimes desecuritised its nuclear programme).1

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“…This said model comprises 25 key terms or rhetorical discursive strategies including " Actor description, authority, burden, categorization, comparison, consensus, counterfactual, disclaimer, euphemism, evidentiality, argumentation, illustration/example, generalization, hyperbole, implication, irony, lexicalization, metaphor, national self-glorification, norm expression, number game, polarization (us-them), populism, presupposition, vagueness, and victimization" (van Dijk, 1998. Recent studies (Adegoju & Oyebode, 2015;Afzal & Harun, 2020;Cabrejas-Peñuelas & Díez-Prados, 2014;Fallah et al, 2019;Ghauri, 2019;Ghauri & Umber, 2019;Joharchi & Najibi, 2016;Kadkhodaee & Ghasemi Tari, 2019;Mazid, 2008;Reynolds, 2018) suggest that this framework is a combination of different frameworks in CDA (Chilton, 2004;Van Leeuwen & Wodak, 1999;Wodak & Reisigl, 2003) and is suitable and useful to analyze discourses of politics and media where the binaries of "self" versus "other" are prominent. Moreover, when it comes to sampling, Baker ( 2006), Waikar (2018), Sandelowski (1995), Cleary et al (2014), Robinson (2014), Byrne (2001), Borrego et al (2009), Silverman ( 2016), Creswell and Creswell (2017), and Khan et al (2019) postulated that in discourse studies sample for the analysis is chosen on the basis of key words provided by the text under analysis.…”

Section: • •mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trump and Muslims: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Islamophobic Rhetoric in Donald Trump’s Selected Tweets

et al. 2021

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The emergence of Donald Trump as an anti-Muslim-Islam presidential candidate and victory over Hillary Clinton is an issue of debate and division in the United States’ political sphere. Many commentators and political pundits criticize Trump for his disparaging rhetoric on Twitter and present him as an example of how Twitter can be an effective tool for the construction and extension of political polarization. The current study analyzes the selected tweets by Donald Trump posted on Twitter to unmask how he uses language to construct Islamophobic discourse structures and attempts to form his ideological structures along with. The researchers hypothesize that Islamophobia is a marked feature of Trump’s political career realized by specific rhetorical and discursive devices. Therefore, the study purposively takes 40 most controversial tweets of Donald Trump against Islam and Muslims and carried out a critical discourse analysis with the help of macro-strategies of the discourse given by Wodak and Meyer and van Dijk’s referential strategies of political discourse. The findings reveal that Trump uses language rhetorically to exclude people of different ethnic identities, especially Muslims, through demagogic language to create a difference of “us” vs. “them” and making in this way “America Great Again”.

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Otherising Iran in American political discourse: case study of a post-JCPOA senate hearing on Iran sanctions

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Discursive delegitimization of Rouhani's nuclear diplomacy and the Iran nuclear deal by Iranian conservatives on Twitter

Discursive delegitimization of Rouhani's nuclear diplomacy and the Iran nuclear deal by Iranian conservatives on Twitter

An ‘existential threat’ or a ‘past pariah’: Securitisation of Iran and disagreements among American press

Trump and Muslims: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Islamophobic Rhetoric in Donald Trump’s Selected Tweets

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