Other‐Sacrificing Options*

Lange, Benjamin

doi:10.1111/phpr.12627

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Silica particles are widely used epoxy modifiers due to their ability to improve the mechanical properties and fracture toughness simultaneously. Many studies investigated the toughening performance of micron‐silica particles in epoxies with a number of fracture mechanisms reported, such as crack pinning , crack path deflection , and micro‐cracking . However, these mechanisms do not occur for silica nanoparticles (SNP) due to their significantly smaller size, which prohibits the occurrence of such mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of toughening mechanisms in ternary nanocomposites

Pearson

Ivanković

2017

Polymer Composites

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Silica nanoparticles (SNP) and core‐shell‐rubber (CSR) nanoparticles were added to a lightly crosslinked epoxy in an effort to improve fracture toughness. Properties such as the glass transition temperature, tensile modulus, and yield strength were also measured. Toughening mechanisms were studied by inspecting the fracture surfaces with scanning electron microscope and exploring subsurface damage using both transmission optical microscope and transmission electron microscope. Ternary nanocomposities with a fracture energy five times that of the unmodified epoxy resin were obtained with no discernible drop in the tensile modulus. The increase in stiffness due to the presence of SNP and the increase in compliance due to the presence of CSR were accurately predicted using the Mori‐Tanaka micromechanical model. Unfortunately, the use of SNP did not result in the retention of strength in the ternary nanocomposites. Maximum toughness was observed when the SNP content was 4 vol% and the CSR content was 7 vol%. This combination of particles also resulted in the largest damage zone (subsurface), which agrees well with fracture toughness results. The interaction of toughening mechanisms in rubber‐SNP‐epoxy systems was found to be affected by the interparticle distance between rubber particles. The non‐debonding SNPs between rubber particles could act as shear band stoppers and/or ductility suppressors, which suppressed the toughening performance of rubber particles. On the other hand, the SNPs induce more shear bands between SNPs to increase the toughening performance. The total toughening performance depends on the rubber interparticle distance. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:3482–3496, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of toughening mechanisms in ternary nanocomposites

Pearson

Ivanković

2017

Polymer Composites

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“…However, there has been a recent movement in the wider debate about partiality towards considering the opposite, negative partiality. (See Brandt (2020) and Lange (2020)). This is the idea that it can be justified to treat our enemies in worse ways than are generally required towards strangers.…”

Section: Further Directions For Debatementioning

confidence: 99%

Epistemic Partialism

Mason

2023

Philosophy Compass

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Most of us are partial to our friends and loved ones: we treat them with special care, and we feel justified in doing so. In recent years, the idea that good friends are also epistemically partial to one another has been popular. Being a good friend, so‐called epistemic partialists suggest, involves being positively biased towards one's friends – that is, involves thinking more highly of them than is warranted by the evidence. In this paper, I outline the concept of epistemic partiality and its relation to non‐epistemic partiality and explore some considerations that speak in favour of and against such partialism in friendships. I finish by suggesting some directions in which this debate could go next.

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“…17 17 My exposition of options here presupposes what I have called a List Picture (see Lange (2020), Section 3). On this view, there is a list of different kinds of options, based on who enjoys the benefits or suffers the burdens—oneself, or others.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…55 55 See Brandt (2020), Lange (2020), and Lange and Brandt (Manuscript) on negative partiality. See also Owens (2012a, 2012b), pp.…”

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The ethics of partiality

Lange

2022

Philosophy Compass

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Partiality is the special concern that we display for ourselves and other people with whom we stand in some special personal relationship. It is a central theme in moral philosophy, both ancient and modern. Questions about the justification of partiality arise in the context of enquiry into several moral topics, including the good life and the role in it of our personal commitments; the demands of impartial morality, equality, and other moral ideals; and commonsense ideas about supererogation. This paper provides an overview of the debate on the ethics of partiality through the lens of the domains of permissible and required partiality. After outlining the conceptual space, I first discuss agent‐centred moral options that concern permissions not to do what would be impartially optimal. I then focus on required partiality, which concerns associative duties that go beyond our general duties to others and require us to give special priority to people who are close to us. I discuss some notable features of associative duties and the two main objections that have been raised against them: the Voluntarist and the Distributive objections. I then turn to the justification of partiality, focusing on underivative approaches and reasons‐based frameworks. I discuss the reductionism and non‐reductionism debate: the question whether partiality is derivative or fundamental. I survey arguments for ‘the big three’, according to which partiality is justified by appeal to the special value of either projects, personal relationships, or individuals. I conclude by discussing four newly emerging areas in the debate: normative transitions of various personal relationships, relationships with AI, epistemic partiality, and negative partiality, which concerns the negative analogue of our positive personal relationships.

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Other‐Sacrificing Options*

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Interaction of toughening mechanisms in ternary nanocomposites

Interaction of toughening mechanisms in ternary nanocomposites

Epistemic Partialism

The ethics of partiality

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