Other Less Commonly Used Antiepileptic Drugs

Holtkamp, Martin

doi:10.1002/9781118936979.ch54

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 74 publications

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“…Bromide is widely used in the drug development. For example, triple bromide elixir functions as an adjunctive antiepileptic drug to treat the children whose seizure disorders were intractable to other antiepileptic therapy [5]. Tiotropium bromide (Spiriva®) is a long-term anticholinergic bronchodilator that maintains bronchodilation for at least one day [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bromide impairs the circadian clock and glycolytic homeostasis via disruption of autophagy in rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes

Jiang

et al. 2020

BMC Mol and Cell Biol

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Background: Trace elements function as essential cofactors that are involved in various biochemical processes in mammals. Autophagy is vital for nutrient supplement, which is an important Zeitegber for the circadian homeostasis in heart. Here, we considered the possibility that autophagy, as well as the cardiomyocyte clock and glycolysis are interlinked. Detrimental effects were observed when cardiac system is exposed to bromine containing drugs. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of bromide on the circadian clock and glycolytic metabolism of H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Results: In the present study, bromide does not affect cell viability and apoptosis of H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Bromide dampens the clock and glycolytic (Hk2 and Pkm2) gene expression rhythmicity in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, bromide inhibits autophagic process in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. In contrast, rapamycin (an autophagy inducer) dramatically restores the inhibitory effect of NaBr on the mRNA expression levels of clock genes (Bmal1, Cry1 and Rorα) and glycolytic genes (Hk2 and Pkm2). Conclusions: Our results reveal that bromide represses the clock and glycolytic gene expression patterns, partially through inhibition of autophagy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bromide impairs the circadian clock and glycolytic homeostasis via disruption of autophagy in rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes

Jiang

et al. 2020

BMC Mol and Cell Biol

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Tolerability and Safety of Commonly Used Antiepileptic Drugs in Adolescents and Adults: A Clinician’s Overview

Brodie¹

2017

CNS Drugs

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This paper discusses the issues surrounding the tolerability and safety of the commonly used antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in adolescents and adults. The content includes dose-related adverse effects, idiosyncratic reactions, behavioural and psychiatric comorbidities, chronic problems, enzyme induction and teratogenesis. Twenty-one AEDs are discussed in chronological order of their introduction into the UK, starting with phenobarbital and ending with brivaracetam. Wherever possible, advice is given on anticipating, recognising and managing these issues and thereby improving the lives of people with epilepsy, most of whom will need to take one or more of these agents for life. Avoidance of side effects will increase the possibility of achieving and maintaining long-term seizure freedom. Alternatively, adverse events from AEDs will substantially reduce quality of life and often result in higher healthcare costs.

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Other Less Commonly Used Antiepileptic Drugs

Cited by 2 publications

References 74 publications

Bromide impairs the circadian clock and glycolytic homeostasis via disruption of autophagy in rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes

Bromide impairs the circadian clock and glycolytic homeostasis via disruption of autophagy in rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes

Tolerability and Safety of Commonly Used Antiepileptic Drugs in Adolescents and Adults: A Clinician’s Overview

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