Other Infectious Causes of Abortion

Mearns, Rebecca

doi:10.1002/9780470753316.ch19

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Pathogens in soil, bedding and feed are important in the occurrence of listeriosis (Listeria spp.) and coxiellosis ('Q Fever', Coxiella burnetii) in sheep (Mearns, 2007;Scott, 2007). On dairy cattle farms, contamination with bacteria that cause mastitis tends to be more severe in bedding consisting of digested fecal solids, intermediate on recycled sand and shavings, and lowest on clean sand (Godden et al, 2008).…”

Section: Genetic Selection Should Always Take Into Account the Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

General Principles for the welfare of animals in production systems: The underlying science and its application

Fraser

Duncan

Edwards

et al. 2013

The Veterinary Journal

136

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In 2012, the World Organisation for Animal Health adopted 10 'General Principles for the Welfare of Animals in Livestock Production Systems' to guide the development of animal welfare standards. The General Principles draw on half a century of scientific research relevant to animal welfare: (1) how genetic selection affects animal health, behaviour and temperament; (2) how the environment influences injuries and the transmission of diseases and parasites; (3) how the environment affects resting, movement and the performance of natural behaviour; (4) the management of groups to minimize conflict and allow positive social contact; (5) the effects of air quality, temperature and humidity on animal health and comfort; (6) ensuring access to feed and water suited to the animals' needs and adaptations; (7) prevention and control of diseases and parasites, with humane euthanasia if treatment is not feasible or recovery is unlikely; (8) prevention and management of pain; (9) creation of positive human-animal relationships; and (10) ensuring adequate skill and knowledge among animal handlers. Research directed at animal welfare, drawing on animal behaviour, stress physiology, veterinary epidemiology and other fields, complements more established fields of animal and veterinary science and helps to create a more comprehensive scientific basis for animal care and management.

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Section: Genetic Selection Should Always Take Into Account the Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

General Principles for the welfare of animals in production systems: The underlying science and its application

Fraser

Duncan

Edwards

et al. 2013

The Veterinary Journal

136

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“…C. burnetii has mainly two different morphologic forms, a large and a small form. In addition, an endospore-like structure is observed in the large form, which is highly resistant to environmental degradation, such as high temperatures, ultraviolet light and osmotic shock (Mearns 2007).…”

Section: The Pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because C. burnetii is extremely resistant to desiccation and to physical and chemical agents, it survives in the environment for long periods. The endospore-like form survives in dust for 120 days, in tick faeces for 568 days and in wool for 12-16 months at 4-6 °C (Mearns 2007).…”

Section: Transmission (Small Ruminants-human)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small Ruminants and Zoonotic Infections: Live or Dead—Direct or Indirect

Stuen

2014

Zoonoses - Infections Affecting Humans and Animals

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“…Ovine campylobacteriosis caused by Campylobacter fetus or Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most frequently diagnosed causes of ovine abortion in Australia 9, 10 . Transmission occurs via ingestion of feed and water contaminated by faeces or aborted material, with no evidence of venereal spread in sheep 11 . Abortion due to campylobacteriosis generally occurs in the last 6 weeks of pregnancy and may be sporadic or associated with an abortion frequency up to 50% of ewes in previously naïve flocks 12 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seropositivity to Campylobacter and association with abortion and lamb mortality in maiden ewes from Western Australia, South Australia and Victoria

et al. 2022

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This case-control study investigated associations between Campylobacter fetus or Campylobacter jejuni titre and reproductive outcomes in 22 flocks of Merino and non-Merino maiden ewes aged 1-2 years old. Campylobacter titres were also determined for multiparous ewes aged 3 years or older on the same farms. C. fetus 'positivity' (titre ≥1:80) was detected for 12% (57/462; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 9.6 to 15.6) of maiden ewes and 31% (65/210; 95% CI 25.0 to 37.4) of mature ewes. The odds for failing to rear a lamb in C. fetus-'exposed' maiden ewes (titre ≥1:10) was 2.01 times that of seronegative ewes (95% CI 1.09 to 3.77; P = 0.027), but there was no association between C. fetus-'positivity' (titre ≥1:80) and failure to rise (OR 1.69; 95% CI 0.77 to 3.76; P = 0.191). C. fetus abortions were confirmed with microbial culture in one maiden ewe flock. In this flock, C. fetus titres fluctuated and often waned by lamb marking, highlighting the value of necropsies during abortion investigations. C. jejuni-'positivity' (titre ≥1:80) was detected for 44% (204/462; 95% CI 39.7 to 48.7) maiden ewes, but odds of failing to rear were decreased for C. jejuni-'positive' ewes (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.32 to 0.83; P = 0.007). The association between Campylobacter serology and the reproductive outcome was inconsistent in these flocks. Serology should be considered in the context of other risk factors and used in conjunction with other strategies to investigate the impact of Campylobacter exposure on ewe reproductive performance such as monitoring for abortions and lamb necropsies to determine aetiological diagnosis, and vaccination trials.

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Other Infectious Causes of Abortion

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

General Principles for the welfare of animals in production systems: The underlying science and its application

General Principles for the welfare of animals in production systems: The underlying science and its application

Small Ruminants and Zoonotic Infections: Live or Dead—Direct or Indirect

Seropositivity to Campylobacter and association with abortion and lamb mortality in maiden ewes from Western Australia, South Australia and Victoria

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