Other Important Upwelling Systems

Kämpf, Jochen; Chapman, Piers

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42524-5_9

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Upwelling itself may impose multiple simultaneous changes. Such events may shoal nutrients in spring [9] and can, thus, facilitate primary production (as reviewed in Kämpf & Chapman [10]). Upwelling in late summer may provide release from heat stress, but brings water of higher salinity and will typically also be acidified (reduction in pH, increase in p CO 2 ) and hypoxic [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine heatwaves and upwelling shape stress responses in a keystone predator

et al. 2023

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Climate change increases the frequency and intensifies the magnitude and duration of extreme events in the sea, particularly so in coastal habitats. However, the interplay of multiple extremes and the consequences for species and ecosystems remain unknown. We experimentally tested the impacts of summer heatwaves of differing intensities and durations, and a subsequent upwelling event on a temperate keystone predator, the starfish Asterias rubens. We recorded mussel consumption throughout the experiment and assessed activity and growth at strategically chosen time points. The upwelling event overall impaired starfish feeding and activity, likely driven by the acidification and low oxygen concentrations in the upwelled seawater. Prior exposure to a present-day heatwave (+5°C above climatology) alleviated upwelling-induced stress, indicating cross-stress tolerance. Heatwaves of present-day intensity decreased starfish feeding and growth. While the imposed heatwaves of limited duration (9 days) caused slight impacts but allowed for recovery, the prolonged (13 days) heatwave impaired overall growth. Projected future heatwaves (+8°C above climatology) caused 100% mortality of starfish. Our findings indicate a positive ecological memory imposed by successive stress events. Yet, starfish populations may still suffer extensive mortality during intensified end-of-century heatwave conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine heatwaves and upwelling shape stress responses in a keystone predator

et al. 2023

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“…1 depicts these currents using a mean dynamic topography derived from satellite and in situ data (discussed in more detail below). Since that early description, a great deal of effort has clarified the physics, chemistry, biology, geology and fisheries oceanography of the Humboldt Current north of 40°S, where upwelling drives a productive ecosystem and fishery (See reviews in Montecino et al, 2006 ; Thiel et al, 2007 ; Montecino and Lange, 2009 ; Quiñones et al, 2010 ; Kämpf and Chapman, 2016 ; Several special volumes also focus on this region: Bertrand et al, 2008 ; Fréon et al, 2009 ; Escribano and Morales, 2012 ). South of 40°S, most of the physical, chemical and biological research has occurred in the channels of the complex fjord and island system of the Chilean Patagonia region ( Sievers and Silva, 2008 ; Silva and Palma, 2008 and other papers in the same volume; Pantoja et al, 2011 and other papers in the same volume).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean circulation along the southern Chile transition region (38°–46°S): Mean, seasonal and interannual variability, with a focus on 2014–2016

Strub

James

Montecino

et al. 2019

Progress in Oceanography

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Satellite and atmospheric model fields are used to describe the wind forcing, surface ocean circulation, temperature and chlorophyll-a pigment concentrations along the coast of southern Chile in the transition region between 38° and 46°S. Located inshore of the bifurcation of the eastward South Pacific Current into the equatorward Humboldt and the poleward Cape Horn Currents, the region also includes the Chiloé Inner Sea and the northern extent of the complex system of fjords, islands and canals that stretch south from near 42°S. The high resolution satellite data reveal that equatorward currents next to the coast extend as far south as 48°−51°S in spring-summer. They also display detailed distributions of forcing from wind stress and wind stress curl near the coast and within the Inner Sea. Between 38°−46°S, both winds and surface currents during 1993–2016 change directions seasonally from equatorward during summer upwelling to poleward during winter downwelling, with cooler SST and greater surface chlorophyll-a concentrations next to the coast during upwelling, opposite conditions during downwelling. Over interannual time scales during 1993–2016, there is a strong correlation between equatorial El Niño events and sea level and a moderate correlation with alongshore currents. Looking more closely at the 2014–2016 period, we find a marginal El Niño during 2014 and a strong El Niño during 2015 that connect the region to the tropics through the oceanic pathway, with some atmospheric connections through the phenomenon of atmospheric blocking (as noted by others). The period also includes a Harmful Algal Bloom of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella during early-2016 that occurred during a sequence of physical conditions (winds, currents and temperatures) that would favor such a bloom. The most anomalous physical condition during this specific bloom is an extreme case of atmospheric blocking that creates a long period of calm in austral autumn after strong upwelling in austral summer. The blocking is related to the 2015–2016 El Niño and an unusual coincident positive phase of the Southern Annular Mode.

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“…These regionalities might be primarily determined by oceanography. For instance, the Washington and Oregon coasts are washed by the southward California Current, while the Chilean and Patagonian Argentine coasts are washed by northward currents that branch off the Antarctic Circumpolar Current at the southern tip of South America 40 , 41 . Similarly, the Nova Scotia and European coasts share a biogeographic history related to trans-Atlantic dispersal of intertidal organisms 42 – 45 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the prominence of filter-feeding, shell possession, and sessility on the eastern Pacific coast (Washington, Oregon, and Chile) and South Africa was related to the combined predominance of barnacles and bivalves (excluding the mussels composing the beds) on those coasts. As coastal upwelling is important on those shores 40 , 41 , the phytoplankton blooms and the detritus of the associated pelagic food webs that are facilitated by upwelling might explain the predominance of such organisms and traits in those mussel beds. Another taxonomic–functional relationship is exemplified by the prominence of detritivory, soft bodies, and crawling in the north Atlantic (Nova Scotia and Ireland), which reflects the predominance of oligochaetes and nematodes on those coasts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global taxonomic and functional patterns in invertebrate assemblages from rocky-intertidal mussel beds

Cameron,

Scrosati,

Valdivia

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Mussels form extensive beds in rocky intertidal habitats on temperate seashores worldwide. They are foundation species because their beds host many invertebrates. Mussels and their associated species differ taxonomically among biogeographic regions, but all mussel beds exhibit similar structural and functional properties. Therefore, we investigated if rocky-intertidal mussel beds from around the globe host associated communities that are functionally similar despite their underlying taxonomic differences. We gathered datasets on the abundance of invertebrates found in rocky-intertidal mussel beds from the eastern and western boundaries of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans from both hemispheres and, then, we compared their taxonomic and functional properties. Taxonomic composition differed markedly among coasts when analyzed at the taxonomic resolution reported by the surveys (often species). However, taxonomic groups with similar ecologies (28 groups including barnacles, decapods, gastropods, polychaetes, etc.) were more universally present in mussel beds. Concomitantly, functional categories of trophic level, body type, and mobility were almost always present on all studied coasts. These taxonomic groups and trait categories, however, showed regional patterns based on their relative abundances. Overall, the ability of mussel beds to host a core community type based on taxonomic groups and functional traits emphasizes their importance for biodiversity and community functioning, making them critical organisms to preserve.

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Other Important Upwelling Systems

Cited by 5 publications

References 104 publications

Marine heatwaves and upwelling shape stress responses in a keystone predator

Marine heatwaves and upwelling shape stress responses in a keystone predator

Ocean circulation along the southern Chile transition region (38°–46°S): Mean, seasonal and interannual variability, with a focus on 2014–2016

Global taxonomic and functional patterns in invertebrate assemblages from rocky-intertidal mussel beds

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