OTDR in optical transmission systems using Er-doped fiber amplifiers containing optical circulators

Sato, Y.; Aoyama, K.

doi:10.1109/68.97841

Cited by 33 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…4 As the design of optical communication system becomes increasingly complex, a bidirectional transmission device 5 is highly desirable because of its obvious advantages over unidirectional transmission. Although some bidirectional transmission devices have been reported, [6][7][8] they have complicated configurations because of the introduction of two multiport unidirectional optical circulators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiport polarization-independent wavelength-interleaving bidirectional quasicirculator

Hsieh

2008

Opt. Eng

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An alternative type of multiport polarization-independent wavelength-interleaving bidirectional quasicirculator is proposed. It contains holographic spatial and polarization modules ͑HMs͒, a Lyot-Ohman filter ͑LOF͒, a quarterwave plate, and a mirror. Each HM contains a holographic spatial walk-off polarizer, a half-wave plate, and a glass plate. The LOF consists of three half-wave plates and three identical pairs of crystals. The functions of the HM and the LOF are described. Then, the operating principle and the performance of this quasicirculator are described and discussed. In this circulator, the signals in the even and odd channels can circulate with opposite handedness regardless of signal polarizations. It offers a high isolation level, polarization independence, low polarization-mode dispersion, parallel input/output ports and ease of increasing the number of ports.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiport polarization-independent wavelength-interleaving bidirectional quasicirculator

Hsieh

2008

Opt. Eng

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“…Optical circulators play an important role in the application of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) systems, such as optical add-drop multiplexers (OADMs) based on multiport optical circulators (MOC) and FBGs [1] [2], reconfigurable and bi-directional OADMs incorporating MOCs and FBGs [3], chromatic dispersion compensation using MOCs and FBGs combination [4], application of circulators together with optical amplifiers has also been reported in [5], [6] experimentally, while most of the existing circulators cannot perform loop optical transmission function, which is useful for circular chromatic dispersion compensation. For a loop circulator with n ports illustrated in Fig.1, it guides port 1 input signal output at port 2, port 2 in to port 3 out, till port n input signal release at port 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel polarization-insensitive loop circulator with multiport

Zhang

et al. 2005

SPIE Proceedings

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Presented in this paper is the design and fabrication of a novel polarization-insensitive optical circulator with multiport. For an optical circulator with n ports, it guides the signal from port 1 into port 2, port 2 into port 3, and so on, till port n into port 1. As a result, the circulator provides further chromatic dispersion compensation and routing function, etc. In this paper, two designs of circulators concerning with odd and even port compact are presented. The port number regarding to each scheme can be arbitrarily designed according to system requirement. Experiments have been conducted to show the performance of our designs on a 3-port and 4-port loop circulators. Key parameters of each scheme are also presented, including the insertion loss (IL), the polarization dependence (PDL), the isolation performance (IS), return loss (RL) and the crosstalk within its working wavelength. Results from the experiments show that the fabricated circulator provides an excellent performance for each set of system parameters. This circulator provides a new possibility for developing compact nonreciprocal devices in the field of optical communications.

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“…Circulators are necessary components in the construction of fundamental network modules [1][2][3][4]. According to operation principles, optical circulators are mainly divided into three types.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%