Abstract:in Rosário de Santa Fé, Argentina, and naturalized Brazilian in 1946, Professor Forattini was the only child of immigrant parents from Italy who arrived in Brazil at the early of the 1930s. He grew up in a family environment in which he spoke in Portuguese to his father, and in French and Italian to his mother. As well as mastering these three languages, he also became fl uent in Spanish and English and had a great interest in studying Latin. As a scholar, he advocated that books should be read in the language… Show more
“…aegypti evaluated in this study were black or brown and measured less than 1.0 mm in length [30,31]. Even though at the moment of egg-laying they had a white color, they darkened afterward [32]. Other characteristics inherent to the egg were the presence of an oval or elliptical outline, with bilateral symmetry [23,[31][32][33][34], all identified in this research.…”
Background
The diseases for which Aedes aegypti is a vector are worrisome. The high vector competence of this mosquito, as well as its anthropophilia and ability to adapt to the urban environment, allows it to exploit many habitats, making its prevention an arduous task. Despite current disease control measures focused on the mosquito, the effectiveness in containing its dispersion still requires improvement; thus greater knowledge about this insect is fundamental.
Methods
Aedes aegypti egg morphology and embryonic development were analyzed from eggs of the insectary of the Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of São Paulo. Optical (light and confocal) and electronic (transmission and scanning) microscopy were used to analyze the morphological and ultrastructural features of the eggs. Embryos were observed in the initial (0–20.5 h after egg-laying), intermediate (20.6–40.1 h after egg-laying), and final (40.2–61.6 h) stages of development, and kept at a temperature of 28 °C ± 1 °C until collection for processing.
Results
Eggs of Ae. aegypti were whitish at the time of oviposition, and then quickly became black. The egg length was 581.45 ± 39.73 μm and the width was 175.36 ± 11.59. Access to the embryo was difficult due to the egg morphology, point of embryonic development, and difficult permeability of the exochorion (mainly in fixation). Only about 5% of the collected eggs were successfully processed. In the initial stage of embryonic development, characteristics suggestive of intense cellular activity were found. In the intermediate stage, the beginning of the segmentation process was evident. In the final phase, it was possible to differentiate the cephalic region and the thoracic and abdominal segments.
Conclusion
The chorion was found to be an important protective barrier and a limiting factor for the evaluation of the embryos and mosquito embryonic cells, indicating that further studies need to be carried out to identify the reason that this occurs.
Graphical abstract
“…aegypti evaluated in this study were black or brown and measured less than 1.0 mm in length [30,31]. Even though at the moment of egg-laying they had a white color, they darkened afterward [32]. Other characteristics inherent to the egg were the presence of an oval or elliptical outline, with bilateral symmetry [23,[31][32][33][34], all identified in this research.…”
Background
The diseases for which Aedes aegypti is a vector are worrisome. The high vector competence of this mosquito, as well as its anthropophilia and ability to adapt to the urban environment, allows it to exploit many habitats, making its prevention an arduous task. Despite current disease control measures focused on the mosquito, the effectiveness in containing its dispersion still requires improvement; thus greater knowledge about this insect is fundamental.
Methods
Aedes aegypti egg morphology and embryonic development were analyzed from eggs of the insectary of the Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of São Paulo. Optical (light and confocal) and electronic (transmission and scanning) microscopy were used to analyze the morphological and ultrastructural features of the eggs. Embryos were observed in the initial (0–20.5 h after egg-laying), intermediate (20.6–40.1 h after egg-laying), and final (40.2–61.6 h) stages of development, and kept at a temperature of 28 °C ± 1 °C until collection for processing.
Results
Eggs of Ae. aegypti were whitish at the time of oviposition, and then quickly became black. The egg length was 581.45 ± 39.73 μm and the width was 175.36 ± 11.59. Access to the embryo was difficult due to the egg morphology, point of embryonic development, and difficult permeability of the exochorion (mainly in fixation). Only about 5% of the collected eggs were successfully processed. In the initial stage of embryonic development, characteristics suggestive of intense cellular activity were found. In the intermediate stage, the beginning of the segmentation process was evident. In the final phase, it was possible to differentiate the cephalic region and the thoracic and abdominal segments.
Conclusion
The chorion was found to be an important protective barrier and a limiting factor for the evaluation of the embryos and mosquito embryonic cells, indicating that further studies need to be carried out to identify the reason that this occurs.
Graphical abstract
“…Naquela ocasião, a Ecologia não apresentava enfoque para a saúde pública e medicina. Assim, o Professor instituiu a disciplina "Ecologia em Saúde Pública", ministrada por ele entre as décadas de 1990 e início da de 2000 (Sallum et al 2007). …”
Section: Ecossistemas Habitados Pelos Vetoresunclassified
“…At the time of hatching, the chorion is ruptured due to the larval muscle activity, which increases in volume and consequently increases the pressure exerted from the spike, a specialized structure, then the rupture of the chorion occurs, from a crack in the part corresponding to the cited coating (Sallum, Barata and Santos 2007;Guindo-Coulibaly et al 2018). This description was veri ed in this study (Fig.…”
Background: Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) has great relevance in public health worldwide due to its performance as a vector of arboviruses, which makes the knowledge about its cycle fundamental. It is known that the acquaintance of embryonic kinetics has great potential to assist in the development of new vector control technologies and, consequently, in the control of arboviruses. Methods: This research proposes to analyze the egg morphology and embryonic development of Aedes aegypti. Eggs from the insectary of the Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of São Paulo (n = 46) were used. The methodological procedure involved morphological and ultrastructural analyzes using equipment for optical microscopy (light and confocal) and electronic (scanning). Eggs and embryos were observed in initial, intermediate and final thirds of development, kept at a temperature of 28°C, 1°C until collection for processing. Results: The embryos had different morphological characteristics according to the stage of gestation, in the initial and intermediate stages of development. In the initial third, the presence of primordial epithelium and characteristics suggestive of intense cellular activity were found. Conclusion: According to the results obtained in the eggs, it is concluded that the great resistance of the chorion in the embryo is a factor that generates difficulties for microscopic analysis of the embryo (mainly in fixation), with a strong protective barrier.
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