OSW‐1 inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by NFATc2 on triple‐negative breast cancer

Abstract

Globally, breast cancer has the highest morbidity and mortality among all types of cancer in women. 1 Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), one particular phonetype in breast cancer, has the poorest prognosis with a medium overall survival (OS) rarely reaching 12 to 18 months. 2-6 Chemotherapy remains the main treatment in TNBC, many well-known chemotherapeutic drugs, such as adriamycin, docetaxel, and cisplatin, are used to treat breast cancer. 7 Although all kinds of

Anticancer Effects and Mechanisms of OSW-1 Isolated From Ornithogalum saundersiae: A Review

“…Furthermore, OSW-1 appears to exert anticancer effects in cancer cells through different mechanisms, since different type of cancers have their unique key action targets. OSW-1 happens to be a natural compound with multiple anticancer targets due to its complex structure, which can regulate various signaling pathways ( 40 , 41 ) and inhibit the development and progression of cancer cells by arresting cell cycle ( 38 ), damaging the structure and function of mitochondria, disrupting the cellular calcium homeostasis, inducing apoptosis ( 8 , 11 , 36 , 38 , 39 ) and Golgi stress response ( 37 ), inhibiting proliferation ( 35 , 42 ) and metastasis, and repressing the migratory and invasive capabilities via EMT ( 36 ). Interestingly, necrosis was also detected when cells were treated with a high dose (180 ng/ml), which means OSW-1 may mediate other cell death pathways ( 8 ).…”

“…Based on some in vivo studies, OSW-1 has been proved to be effective in inhibiting tumor growth, such as breast cancer, colon cancer, and leukemia ( Table 2 ) ( 8 , 10 , 36 ). In 1997, Mimaki et al.…”

“…( 8 ) and Ding et al. ( 36 ) began to investigate the anticancer effect of OSW-1 in vivo and explored the possible mechanism, respectively. To ascertain whether or not OSW-1 was as effective in vivo , Zhang et al.…”

“…In 2020, Ding et al. ( 36 ) designed a series of experiments to verify the effect of OSW-1 on the tumor growth and metastasis of breast cancer, including three innovative animal models of tumor in vivo . They have found the following (1): for xenograft model, OSW-1 can inhibit tumor growth with reduction of tumor size and weight (2); for orthotopic model, fewer metastatic nodules in the lungs and longer survival were observed in treated group, with downregulation of Vimentin and upregulation of E-cadherin, which means OSW-1 can inhibit metastasis mediated by EMT; and (3) for knockdown NFATc2 model, identified NFATc2 may be a pivotal factor for OSW-1-mediated effects on cell death, tumor growth, invasion, and migration.…”

“…In breast cancer, Ding et al. ( 36 ) confirmed that OSW-1 was capable of inducing apoptosis by using Annexin V/PI-labeled flow cytometry and TUNEL assay and discovered that the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP increased in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, apoptosis was also observed in other cancer cells including colon cancer ( 8 ), leukemia ( 11 , 38 , 39 , 43 ), pancreatic cancer ( 11 ), and cervical cancer cells ( 37 ), though the specific mechanisms were not exactly the same ( Table 1 ).…”