Ostreopsis cf. ovata bloom in the northern Adriatic Sea during summer 2009: Ecology, molecular characterization and toxin profile

Accoroni, Stefano; Romagnoli, Tiziana; Colombo, Federica; Pennesi, Chiara; Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di; Marini, Mauro; Battocchi, Cecilia; Ciminiello, Patrizia; Dell’Aversano, Carmela; Iacovo, Emma Dello; Fattorusso, Ernesto; Tartaglione, Luciana; Penna, Antonella; Totti, Cecilia

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.08.003

Cited by 97 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Relative abundance of each toxin was similar to that observed for most of the Mediterranean O. cf. ovata strains analyzed so far [2,3,[29][30][31]. In particular, in this representative sample, OVTX-a accounted for 52 % of the total toxin content, followed by OVTX-b (29 %), OVTX-e (7 %), OVTX-d (6 %), OVTX-c (4 %), and a pPLTX (0.5 %).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

The novel ovatoxin-g and isobaric palytoxin (so far referred to as putative palytoxin) from Ostreopsis cf. ovata (NW Mediterranean Sea): structural insights by LC-high resolution MSn

et al. 2014

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Blooms of the benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata are a concern in the Mediterranean Sea, since this species produces a wide range of palytoxin-like compounds listed among the most potent marine toxins. This study focused on two analogs of palytoxin found in cultures of six strains of O. cf. ovata isolated from the south of Catalonia (NW Mediterranean Sea). In addition to some already known ovatoxins, our strains produced two minor compounds, ovatoxin-g and the so far called putative palytoxin, whose structures had not been elucidated before. Insufficient quantity of these compounds impeded a full nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based structural elucidation; thus, we studied their structure in crude algal extracts through liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry(n) (LC-ESI-HRMS(n)) in positive ion mode. Under the used MS conditions, the molecules underwent fragmentation at many sites of their backbone and a large number of diagnostic fragment ions were identified. As a result, tentative structures were assigned to both ovatoxin-g and the putative palytoxin, the latter being identified as a palytoxin isomer and re-named as isobaric palytoxin.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

The novel ovatoxin-g and isobaric palytoxin (so far referred to as putative palytoxin) from Ostreopsis cf. ovata (NW Mediterranean Sea): structural insights by LC-high resolution MSn

et al. 2014

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“…So, the results obtained were used for structural investigation of the main toxin produced by Ostreopsis ovata. This benthic dinoflagellate currently represents the major threat in the Mediterranean area both from an environmental and a public health perspective [11][12][13]. The most relevant episode associated to O. ovata occurred in 2005 along the Ligurian coasts (Italy) when hundreds of people required medical attention after exposure to marine aerosols [14,15].…”

Section: Cidmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Resolution LC-MSⁿ Fragmentation Pattern of Palytoxin as Template to Gain New Insights into Ovatoxin-a Structure. The Key Role of Calcium in MS Behavior of Palytoxins

Ciminiello

Dell’Aversano

Iacovo

et al. 2012

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Palytoxin is a potent marine toxin and one of the most complex natural compounds ever described. A number of compounds identified as palytoxin congeners (e.g., ovatoxins, mascarenotoxins, ostreocins, etc.) have not been yet structurally elucidated due to lack of pure material in quantities sufficient to an NMR-based structural investigation. In this study, the complex fragmentation pattern of palytoxin in its positive high resolution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectra (HR LC-MS n ) was interpreted. Under the used conditions, the molecule underwent fragmentation at many sites of its backbone, and a large number of diagnostic fragment ions were identified. The natural product itself was used with no need for derivatization. Interestingly, most of the fragments contained calcium in their elemental formula. Evidence for palytoxin tendency to form adduct ions with calcium and other divalent cations in its mass spectra was obtained. Fragmentation pattern of palytoxin was used as template to gain detailed structural information on ovatoxin-a, the main toxin produced by Ostreopsis ovata, (observe correct font) a benthic dinoflagellate that currently represents the major harmful algal bloom threat in the Mediterranean area. Either the regions or the specific sites where ovatoxin-a and palytoxin structurally differ have been identified.

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“…A temperature of 23°C has been proposed as the optimal temperature to these cells after a bloom in the Adriatic Sea [19]. On the other hand, high abundance of O. ovata has been described when the seawater temperature was 26-30°C in The Tyrrhenian Sea and in the Genoa coast, while 28-29°C were registered along the Italian coastline of Lazio in 1994 during an Ostreopsis bloom [26,41,42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The habitat and the growth of these dinoflagellates are very important in toxin production [5]. Temperate tropical coastal waters were the original localization of these species [19], however these blooms have been described in other localizations far away from tropical waters, as the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic Seas [19,20] Spain [21,22] Greece [23] and more recently in Portugal [24]. Therefore the general rise of water temperatures may be modifying the Ostreopsis spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warm Seawater Microalgae: Growth and Toxic Profile of Ostreopsis Spp. from European Coasts

Fernández-Araujo¹,

Alfonso²,

Antelo³

et al. 2013

Oceanography

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Ostreopsis cf. ovata bloom in the northern Adriatic Sea during summer 2009: Ecology, molecular characterization and toxin profile

Cited by 97 publications

References 44 publications

The novel ovatoxin-g and isobaric palytoxin (so far referred to as putative palytoxin) from Ostreopsis cf. ovata (NW Mediterranean Sea): structural insights by LC-high resolution MSn

The novel ovatoxin-g and isobaric palytoxin (so far referred to as putative palytoxin) from Ostreopsis cf. ovata (NW Mediterranean Sea): structural insights by LC-high resolution MSn

High Resolution LC-MSⁿ Fragmentation Pattern of Palytoxin as Template to Gain New Insights into Ovatoxin-a Structure. The Key Role of Calcium in MS Behavior of Palytoxins

Warm Seawater Microalgae: Growth and Toxic Profile of Ostreopsis Spp. from European Coasts

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Ostreopsis cf. ovata bloom in the northern Adriatic Sea during summer 2009: Ecology, molecular characterization and toxin profile

Cited by 97 publications

References 44 publications

The novel ovatoxin-g and isobaric palytoxin (so far referred to as putative palytoxin) from Ostreopsis cf. ovata (NW Mediterranean Sea): structural insights by LC-high resolution MSn

The novel ovatoxin-g and isobaric palytoxin (so far referred to as putative palytoxin) from Ostreopsis cf. ovata (NW Mediterranean Sea): structural insights by LC-high resolution MSn

High Resolution LC-MSn Fragmentation Pattern of Palytoxin as Template to Gain New Insights into Ovatoxin-a Structure. The Key Role of Calcium in MS Behavior of Palytoxins

Warm Seawater Microalgae: Growth and Toxic Profile of Ostreopsis Spp. from European Coasts

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High Resolution LC-MSⁿ Fragmentation Pattern of Palytoxin as Template to Gain New Insights into Ovatoxin-a Structure. The Key Role of Calcium in MS Behavior of Palytoxins