Ostracod valves as efficient UV protection

Broecke, Lynn Van den; Martens, Koenraad; Pieri, Valentina; Schön, Isa

doi:10.4081/jlimnol.2012.e12

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Image analysis assigned these as Amphipoda, and further identification was outside the scope of this study. The hard carapace that surrounds these organisms is composed of chitin, remicilin and proteins that can block up to 80% of UVB [116,117]. These organisms are free-swimming but colonise surfaces by building nests [118,119], which are formed from benthic detritus and silt, and in some cases, amphipod-produced silk [120,121].…”

Section: Specific Effects Of Uv On Different Taxonomic Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Ultraviolet Treatment for Macrofouling Control in Northern and Southern Hemispheres

Whitworth,

Clare,

Finlay

et al. 2023

JMSE

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The biofouling of marine structures must be controlled if crippling operational and maintenance costs are to be avoided and biological invasions prevented. However, traditional methods of biofouling control typically involve the use of toxic chemicals, which have their own drawbacks, both financial and environmental. For ships, the hull is the largest surface requiring a fouling-control coating; however, there are other so-called ‘niche’ areas (up to 10% of the total wetted area) that typically cannot be, or are not routinely, treated to prevent biofouling accumulation. The use of UV light is a tried and tested sterilization method that has been shown to also work underwater. However, the speed with which UV can be applied to large-scale biofouling control will be determined by the engineering challenges involved and the lack of basic understanding of the biological mode of action. The former is essential for the effective translation of this established technology into a high-performance, industrially useful fouling-control system. The latter will be important for environmental regulation and safe use as well as performance optimisation. Here, we developed two bespoke flow-through systems to replicate ship niche areas and deployed them in Melbourne, Australia, and North East England. We demonstrated a 40–90% reduction in biofouling coverage on silicone tiles embedded with UV-emitting LEDs, even as the LED output waned (after ~8000 h). Image analysis and amplicon sequencing of 18S genes provided complementary information about the taxonomic composition of the fouling communities and highlighted some taxa, for example, ascidians and diatoms, which may have, or in the future develop, UV resistance. Interestingly, the UV treatment far exceeded performance estimates based on the predicted attenuation distance of UV in seawater. Overall, while it is clear that UV treatment works in terms of its efficacy against the vast majority of observed fouling species, technical challenges remain, as do knowledge gaps surrounding the biological and ecological effects of widespread use.

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Section: Specific Effects Of Uv On Different Taxonomic Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Ultraviolet Treatment for Macrofouling Control in Northern and Southern Hemispheres

Whitworth,

Clare,

Finlay

et al. 2023

JMSE

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“…Hatching digestive enzymes, high salinity or pesticides and insecticides (Proctor 1964;Kornicker & Sohn 1971;Sohn & Kornicker 1979;Angell & Hancock 1989;Martins et al 2008;Van den Broecke et al 2012;Vandekerkhove et al 2013 and reference therein). Our data are the first to demonstrate also the high tolerance of ostracod resting eggs to an intense electric field (14,000 V/m) and a magnetic field (150 µT), mimicking that which is generated by high-voltage overhead transmission lines.…”

Section: Hatchabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Life history traits of a temporary water ostracod Heterocypris incongruens (Crustacea, Ostracoda) are affected by power frequency (50 Hz) electromagnetic environmental pollution

Bieszke

Namiotko

2020

The European Zoological Journal

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We examined in laboratory settings the effects of power-frequency electric (14 kV/m) and magnetic (150 µT) field exposures, mimicking that of high voltage overhead transmission lines, on the viability of resting eggs of a cosmopolitan freshwater ostracod Heterocypris incongruens. The experiment was carried out in two consecutive phases: (I) an incubation (dry) phase, and (II) a hatching and development (wet) phase. In the first phase, eggs were incubated dry in one of three conditions: electric field, magnetic field and control, and then, in the second phase, the eggs were inundated with water and assigned to one of two hatching conditions: either the same as in incubation or control. Eggs incubated in control conditions were assigned either to the electric field, magnetic field or remained in control conditions. Differences in: hatching success, dynamic of hatchability, and juvenile survival between control eggs/juveniles and those exposed to each of the stress treatment combinations were compared in the balanced design. The magnetic field significantly affected the dynamic of hatchability: 40% of neonates appeared at 4 days in magnetic field treatment vs. 8 days in control; however, final hatching success was equal in all combinations of treatments. Incubation in both magnetic and electric fields significantly affected juvenile survival: only 21.7% (vs. 51.7% in control) and 16.7% (vs. 41.7% in control) of juveniles reached the adult stage in magnetic and electric fields, respectively. We conclude that the power frequency electromagnetic field created by high voltage overhead transmission lines can have important consequences for fitness-related life history traits of aquatic invertebrates.

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“…Some structural devices also protect from harmful light forming an opaque barrier between the UV rays of the Sun and the body [ 3 ]. For instance, ostracods living in shallow benthic habitats possess shells that block 60–80% of UV-R, whereas the exoskeleton of planktonic Daphnia can block up to 35% [ 110 ]. Embryos of intertidal gastropods are also protected by egg capsules [ 111 ], even if they combine presence of photoprotective molecules [ 112 ].…”

Section: Uv Photoprotection In Marine Organisms: Antarctic and Nonmentioning

confidence: 99%

UV-Protective Compounds in Marine Organisms from the Southern Ocean

et al. 2018

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Solar radiation represents a key abiotic factor in the evolution of life in the oceans. In general, marine, biota—particularly in euphotic and dysphotic zones—depends directly or indirectly on light, but ultraviolet radiation (UV-R) can damage vital molecular machineries. UV-R induces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impairs intracellular structures and enzymatic reactions. It can also affect organismal physiologies and eventually alter trophic chains at the ecosystem level. In Antarctica, physical drivers, such as sunlight, sea-ice, seasonality and low temperature are particularly influencing as compared to other regions. The springtime ozone depletion over the Southern Ocean makes organisms be more vulnerable to UV-R. Nonetheless, Antarctic species seem to possess analogous UV photoprotection and repair mechanisms as those found in organisms from other latitudes. The lack of data on species-specific responses towards increased UV-B still limits the understanding about the ecological impact and the tolerance levels related to ozone depletion in this region. The photobiology of Antarctic biota is largely unknown, in spite of representing a highly promising reservoir in the discovery of novel cosmeceutical products. This review compiles the most relevant information on photoprotection and UV-repair processes described in organisms from the Southern Ocean, in the context of this unique marine polar environment.

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Ostracod valves as efficient UV protection

Abstract: One of the major consequences of climate change is the increase of ultraviolet radiation, especially

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Long-Term Ultraviolet Treatment for Macrofouling Control in Northern and Southern Hemispheres

Long-Term Ultraviolet Treatment for Macrofouling Control in Northern and Southern Hemispheres

Life history traits of a temporary water ostracod Heterocypris incongruens (Crustacea, Ostracoda) are affected by power frequency (50 Hz) electromagnetic environmental pollution

UV-Protective Compounds in Marine Organisms from the Southern Ocean

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