Osteoprotegerin, leptin and IL-6: Association with silent myocardial ischemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Background: Diabetic patients often exhibit severe, asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD). The relationship between osteoprotegerin (OPG), inflammatory markers and silent myocardial ischemia remains to be elucidated. Methods: We recruited 45 type 2 diabetic patients and 33 healthy controls and assessed them for silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) by myocardial perfusion imaging. Patient blood was tested for OPG, IL-6 and leptin concentrations. Results: OPG, leptin and IL-6 levels were found significantly elevated in diabetic patients (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.05). Based on our classification of presence/absence of SMI in our diabetic group, we found that there was a significant association between SMI and the biomarkers IL-6 (p < 0.001), leptin (p < 0.001) and OPG (p < 0.05). In multivariate regression analyses, OPG was found to be significantly related to diabetes mellitus and to SMI. Age, sex and smoking increased the association between OPG and SMI. Conclusion: High OPG, leptin and IL-6 levels are associated with the presence and severity of SMI in type 2 diabetic patients.

IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 levels/polymorphisms and their association with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in Brazilian individuals

“…Furthermore, IL-6 regulates/stimulates production of cell adhesion molecules, chemotactic mediators, and acute phase protein, and mediates the release of other cytokines that amplify the inflammatory response (35)(36)(37). Similar to our result, other studies have shown that T2DM individuals have higher circulating IL-6 levels when compared to non-diabetic controls (38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43). The increased levels of IL-6 and other inflammatory markers (IL-1β, CRP) emerge as early predictors of T2DM, preceding its clinical onset (44).…”

The effect of bariatric surgery on serum TRAIL and osteoprotegerin levels in obesity complicated by glucose disorders

“…Positive associations between osteoprotegerin levels and risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including fasting glucose levels have been reviewed [28]. Interestingly, osteoprotegerin and leptin levels are increased in serum of T2D patients [29], and leptin is known to positively regulate osteoprotegerin to inhibit osteoclast generation [30]. How osteoprotegerin and leptin relate in metabolic disease is still unclear and requires further investigation.…”

Interleukin-6 Receptor Inhibition Prevents Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Formation

“…Interlukin-6 (IL-6) is known to play a role in a wide variety of vascular pathologies, including atherosclerosis and tumor angiogenesis [8][9][10][11]. Additionally, serum levels of IL-6 have been linked to both thoracic and abdominal aortic disease [12][13][14].…”