Osteon pullout in the equine third metacarpal bone: Effects of ex vivo fatigue

Hiller, L.; Stover, Susan M.; Gibson, V.; Gibeling, J.C.; Prater, C. S.; Hazelwood, Scott J.; Yeh, Oscar C.; Martin, R. Bruce

doi:10.1016/s0736-0266(02)00232-2

Cited by 78 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Other factors that are not included in our simple model could also modify the size of the exclusion zone, for instance, differences in osteon size. The area of osteon pull-out was shown to be different between cranial and lateral cortices of equine third metacarpals (Hiller et al, 2003). Although the size of the osteon is determined by the action of osteoclasts, the diameter of the canal results from the infilling of the osteoblasts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Characterization of the Spatial Arrangement of Secondary Osteons in the Diaphysis of Equine and Canine Long Bones

Shahar

Lukas

Papo

et al. 2011

The Anatomical Record

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The blood supply of bone cells in compact bone is provided primarily by blood vessels located within Haversian canals forming the centre of osteons. Mid-diaphysial cross-sections of radii and third metacarpal bones from two horses and radii from two mature dogs were studied using reflective light microscopy to quantify the spatial ordering of canals and compared to a computational model. The distributions of canals were analyzed using: 1) the autocorrelation function (ACF), which describes the probability of finding two canals separated by a given distance and 2) the shortest distance distribution (SDD), which describes the probability that a site within bone is located at a given distance from the nearest canal. The order in the investigated horse radii, as characterized by the oscillations of the ACF, was found to be independent of the anatomical location although, in the metacarpal bone the order was higher in the lateral than in the cranial location. Among the dogs, marked differences were only found in the ACF. An analysis of the SDD demonstrates that ordering of canals minimizes the distance of osteocytes from a blood vessel. This suggests that the efficiency of the blood supply can be adapted through differences in the order of the Haversian canals. In our model, the ordering of canals is achieved via an exclusion zone around each canal, imposed upon newly formed osteons. Simulations demonstrate that differences in the observed order can be explained by either a larger size or a larger variability of this exclusion zone. Anat Rec, 294:1093Rec, 294: -1102Rec, 294: , 2011. V V C 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Characterization of the Spatial Arrangement of Secondary Osteons in the Diaphysis of Equine and Canine Long Bones

Shahar

Lukas

Papo

et al. 2011

The Anatomical Record

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“…Predictive power in compression tests may be improved by further increasing sample size and/or the area/volume of each specimen analyzed, and by considering additional histocompositional characteristics such as Table 4. (Bailey et al, 1999;Boskey et al, 1999;Burr, 2002;Gibson et al, 2006;Hiller et al, 2003;Martin et al, 1996b;Turner et al, 1995;Yeni et al, 2001;Zioupos and Currey, 1998). Recent studies indicate that regional variations in some histocompositional characteristics (e.g.…”

Section: The Journal Of Experimental Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…energy absorption) and the microdamage processes (e.g. microcrack formation, propagation and arrest) that correlate with fatigue life (Burr, 2002;Burstein et al, 1975;Gibson et al, 2006;Hiller et al, 2003;Riggs et al, 1993b;Shelton et al, 2000;Wang et al, 2001;Zioupos et al, 1999). From this perspective we hypothesized that mechanical testing of bone in the more physiologic context of S-M-S loading would show that, among several histocompositional characteristics, CFO is more important in influencing energy absorption and other aspects of post-yield behavior than was revealed by studies conducted in non-S-M-S contexts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, we selected the equine MC3 because it has been the focus of studies dealing with its mechanical properties and biomechanical and pathophysiological (e.g. stress fractures) implications of its histocompositional organization (Hiller et al, 2003;Les et al, 1997;Martin and Boardman, 1993;Martin et al, 1997;Nunamaker, 2001;Reilly et al, 1997;Skedros et al, 2003a;Skedros et al, 1996;Stover et al, 1992). More specific reasons for selecting this bone included the fact that independent investigators have described its habitual strain distribution at mid-diaphysis using in vivo strain measurements (Biewener et al, 1983a;Biewener et al, 1983b;Gross et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The influence of collagen fiber orientation and other histocompositional characteristics on the mechanical properties of equine cortical bone

Skedros

Dayton

Sybrowsky

et al. 2006

Journal of Experimental Biology

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In cortical bone, regional variations in predominant collagen fiber orientation (CFO) and other histocompositional (material) characteristics may represent biomechanically important adaptations related to specific strain modes of tension, compression, or shear. For example, regions habitually loaded in compression have relatively more oblique-to-transverse collagen compared to regions loaded in tension, which have relatively more longitudinal collagen (Carando et al., 1991;Kalmey and Lovejoy, 2002;Mason et al., 1995;Riggs et al., 1993a;Skedros, 2001;Skedros and Kuo, 1999;Skedros et al., 1996). Standard material tests (conducted This study examined relative influences of predominant collagen fiber orientation (CFO), mineralization (% ash), and other microstructural characteristics on the mechanical properties of equine cortical bone. Using strain-mode-specific (S-M-S) testing (compression testing of bone habitually loaded in compression; tension testing of bone habitually loaded in tension), the relative mechanical importance of CFO and other material characteristics were examined in equine third metacarpals (MC3s). This model was chosen since it had a consistent non-uniform strain distribution estimated by finite element analysis (FEA) near mid-diaphysis of a thoroughbred horse, net tension in the dorsal/lateral cortices and net compression in the palmar/medial cortices. Bone specimens from regions habitually loaded in tension or compression were: (1) tested to failure in both axial compression and tension in order to contrast S-M-S vs non-S-M-S behavior, and (2) analyzed for CFO, % ash, porosity, fractional area of secondary osteonal bone, osteon cross-sectional area, and population densities of secondary osteons and osteocyte lacunae. Multivariate multiple regression analyses revealed that in S-M-S compression testing, CFO most strongly influenced total energy (pre-yield elastic energy plus post-yield plastic energy); in S-M-S tension testing CFO most strongly influenced post-yield energy and total energy. CFO was less important in explaining S-M-S elastic modulus, and yield and ultimate stress. Therefore, in S-M-S loading CFO appears to be important in influencing energy absorption, whereas the other characteristics have a more dominant influence in elastic modulus, pre-yield behavior and strength. These data generally support the hypothesis that differentially affecting S-M-S energy absorption may be an important consequence of regional histocompositional heterogeneity in the equine MC3. Data inconsistent with the hypothesis, including the lack of highly longitudinal collagen in the dorsal-lateral 'tension' region, paradoxical histologic organization in some locations, and lack of significantly improved S-M-S properties in some locations, might reflect the absence of a similar habitual strain distribution in all bones. An alternative strain distribution based on in vivo strain measurements, without FEA, on non-Thoroughbreds showing net compression along the dorsal-palmar axis might be more characteristic of ...

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“…8.5 we can see the distribution of shear σ 23 stresses that can lead to a pullout of the osteons (Hiller et al [2003]) under strength properties that were analyzed by Ascenzi and Bonucci [1972].…”

Section: Damage Modelmentioning

confidence: 98%

Study of the mechanical behavior of cortical bone microstructure by the finite element method

Villegas¹

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Cortical bone tissue is the responsible of giving support and structure to vertebrates. For that reason, understanding and analyzing its behavior is needed from each different hierarchical level that composes it. The lower the structural scale is, the greater the complexity and scarcity of studies in literature. These studies are relevant for understanding, preventing and solving important health problems that affect human beings.From a mechanical point of view is interesting to evaluate and apply engineering numerical tools to analyze complex materials as biological tissues, increasing the state of the art in different disciplines that can be applied in numerous fields as material science, biomechanics, numerical methods, medicine and more.In this Thesis the mechanical behavior of cortical bone at microstructural level is analyzed, with finite element models of its basic structure, the osteon. The microstructure of osteons, composed of mineralized collagen fibrils in layers with different orientations disposed concentrically around blood vessels is considered in the models for the calculation of elastic properties and failure criteria definition.For obtaining elastic properties, the use of micromechanical finite element models is considered, with heterogeneous composition for both mineralized col-I lagen fibrils (at nanostructural level) and lamellar level (at sub-microstructural level).The failure analysis for realistic geometries is applied after comparing different models that involve, on one hand the growth of microcracks with contact conditions and on the other, degradation of elastic material properties by user subroutines of the finite element code, the latter being the one that brings better results from a computational cost viewpoint. Therefore an interesting alternative is here presented that can be used to evaluate the damage propagation at three-dimensional level, which with other methods as X-FEM can be computationally unaffordable.Composite materials failure criteria are applied to osteon analysis and the results are related with experimental tests from bibliography, showing the relevance of shear stresses between lamellae for failure initiation and propagation. In a two-dimensional study it is also shown the important role of osteocyte lacunae in the failure initiation, what is interesting from a cellular mechanotransduction approach. II C. Arango Villegas ResumenEl tejidoóseo cortical es el encargado de dar soporte y estructura a los vertebrados. Existe por tanto una necesidad de conocer y analizar mecánicamente su comportamiento desde los distintos niveles jerárquicos que lo componen, siendo mayor la complejidad y más escasos los estudios disponibles en la literatura cuanto más pequeña es la escala estructural que se analiza. Estos estudios son relevantes para comprender, prevenir y solucionar problemas de salud importantes que afectan al ser humano.Desde el punto de vista mecánico es interesante evaluar y aplicar herramientas numéricas ingenieriles para el análisis de materiales más co...

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Osteon pullout in the equine third metacarpal bone: Effects of ex vivo fatigue

Cited by 78 publications

References 20 publications

Characterization of the Spatial Arrangement of Secondary Osteons in the Diaphysis of Equine and Canine Long Bones

Characterization of the Spatial Arrangement of Secondary Osteons in the Diaphysis of Equine and Canine Long Bones

The influence of collagen fiber orientation and other histocompositional characteristics on the mechanical properties of equine cortical bone

Study of the mechanical behavior of cortical bone microstructure by the finite element method

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