Osteon circularity and longitudinal morphology: Quantitative and qualitative three-dimensional perspectives on human Haversian systems

Maggiano, Isabel S.; Maggiano, Corey; Cooper, David M.L.

doi:10.1016/j.micron.2020.102955

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In assessing the suitability of these methods, it is important that potential variances in the expression of histological features relative to intra-and interelement variation are considered, especially relevant with the refinement of 3D approaches and micro-CT imaging, compare with, García-Donas et al ( 2016), Maggiano et al (2020), and Andronowski and Cole (2021). For example, Haversian systems and canals are known to be larger in long and irregular, relative to flat bones (Cummaudo et al, 2020), with clear variances in osteon morphology relative to skeletal maturity (Britz et al, 2009).…”

Section: Sample Origin-osseus And/or Humanmentioning

confidence: 99%

The professional practice of forensic anthropology: Contemporary developments and cross‐disciplinary applications

Franklin

Marks

2021

WIREs Forensic Science

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The modern practice of forensic anthropology is focused on the quantification of skeletal variation based upon a qualitative prowess developed according to theory and method in the parent discipline of biological anthropology. Such morphological variances allow estimates of biological attributes, for example, age, sex, population affinity, stature, pathology of disease processes-among others, that collectively may resolve the identification of unknown forensic human remains.The latter is a basic human right under International Humanitarian Law (IHL), and International Human Rights Law (IHRL) afforded to descendants who go missing in armed conflicts and other violence-base situations. The specific traditional methods applied by the forensic anthropologist are well established in the published literature and routinely supported by global research that guides graduate programs designed to train the next generation of practitioners. Important in that cornerstone literature and graduate training regimen are aspects of our practice that are increasingly cross-disciplinary, especially those grounded in the molecular, chemical, and histological sciences. These upper-tier endeavors supplement and many times, validate, the traditional approaches as dictated by case context. This review focuses on evolving cross-disciplinary developments and novel research trends in the analysis of human remains that involve the specific expertise of the forensic anthropologist.

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Section: Sample Origin-osseus And/or Humanmentioning

confidence: 99%

The professional practice of forensic anthropology: Contemporary developments and cross‐disciplinary applications

Franklin

Marks

2021

WIREs Forensic Science

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“…Haversian system: a slender cylinder of bone some 200 μm wide and several millimeters long. [19][20][21] In the center of an osteon, a tiny Haversian canal is left for a blood vessel and nerves.…”

Section: Microcracks Are Repaired With Osteonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[17] Heřt et al [16,17] and Lanyon and Bourn [18] used two-dimensional techniques to assess the directions of osteons and principal strains and concluded that they align. Maggiano et al [19,21] created three dimensional reconstructions of small cortical bone cubes that predominantly show bundles of parallel osteons. Smit and Burger provided a cellular mechanism of osteonal tunneling in the direction of loading, because a hole in cortical bone created by osteoclasts results in local stress concentrations, which drive osteoclasts in the direction of loading and osteoblasts in the direction perpendicular to that.…”

Section: Not All Osteons Are Axisymmetricmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[56,95,102,[105][106][107] Yet there are deviations from osteon alignment along the lines of principal stress: osteons do not align perfectly in parallel and there are Volkmann's canals that connect adjacent osteons. [19,21] What could be the origin of this? First, it should be emphasized that we do not really know the local principle stress in cortical bone, because we do not know the exact loading conditions in each part of a long bone and the bone has local inhomogeneities such as nearby osteons.…”

Section: Not All Osteons Are Axisymmetricmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[110][111][112] Maggiano and colleagues also reported variations of circularity along the osteon axis. [21] Deviations from a perfect circle obviously exist because osteons form in between other osteons, have to deal with nearby microcracks or variations in mineralization, etcetera. Nevertheless, the idealized "Platonic" shape of an osteon is undoubtedly a cylinder, which is very useful for modeling purposes.…”

Section: Not All Osteons Are Axisymmetricmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Closing the osteon: Do osteocytes sense strain rate rather than fluid flow?

Smit

2021

BioEssays

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Osteons are cylindrical structures of bone created by matrix resorbing osteoclasts, followed by osteoblasts that deposit new bone. Osteons align with the principal loading direction and it is thought that the osteoclasts are directed by osteocytes, the mechanosensitive cells that reside inside the bone matrix. These osteocytes are presumably controlled by interstitial fluid flow, induced by the physiological loading of bones. Here I consider the stimulation of osteocytes while the osteon is closed by osteoblasts. In a conceptual finite element model, bone is considered a poro-elastic material and subjected to locomotion-induced loading conditions. It appears that the magnitude of flow is constant along the closing cone, while shear strain rate in the bone matrix diminishes linearly with the deposition of bone. This suggests that shear strain rate, rather than fluid flow, is the physical cue that controls osteocytes and bone deposition in newly formed osteons.

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Microarchitecture of the penis bone (baculum) of a seal: A 3D morphometric examination using synchrotron and laboratory micro‐computed tomography

Hande,

Andronowski,

Miller

2024

The Anatomical Record

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We examined the ultrastructure of the mammalian os penis at the high‐resolution synchrotron level. Previously, bacular microanatomy had only been investigated histologically. We studied the baculum of the harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus), in which the baculum varies more in size and shape than does a mechanically constrained bone (humerus). We (1) investigated the microarchitecture of bacula and humeri from the same seal specimens, and (2) described changes in bone micro‐ and macro‐morphology associated with age (n = 15, age range = 1–35 years) and bone type. We analyzed cross‐sectional geometry non‐destructively through laboratory micro‐computed tomography. We suggest that the midshaft may resist axial compression while the proximal region may resist torsion, based on measurements of cross‐sectional and cortical areas, perimeter, ratio of maximum and minimum moments of inertia, and polar moment of inertia. In addition, midshaft bacula may be less mechanosensitive than humeri, based on microstructural variables (e.g., volume, surface area, diameter associated with lacunae and cortical porosity) analyzed across age groupings. Our findings related to the microarchitecture of the pinniped baculum provide a basis for further studies on development, mechanical properties, functions, and adaptations in this and other pinniped species. Our use of a multi‐modal imaging approach was minimally destructive for reproducible and accurate comparison of three‐dimensional bone ultrastructure. Such methods, coupled with multidisciplinary analyses, enable diverse studies of bone biology, life history, and evolution using museum collections.

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Osteon circularity and longitudinal morphology: Quantitative and qualitative three-dimensional perspectives on human Haversian systems

Cited by 10 publications

References 56 publications

The professional practice of forensic anthropology: Contemporary developments and cross‐disciplinary applications

The professional practice of forensic anthropology: Contemporary developments and cross‐disciplinary applications

Closing the osteon: Do osteocytes sense strain rate rather than fluid flow?

Microarchitecture of the penis bone (baculum) of a seal: A 3D morphometric examination using synchrotron and laboratory micro‐computed tomography

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