Osteomyelitis-Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

Bhowmik, Debjit; Bhanot, Rishab; Gautam, Darsh; Rai, Parshuram; Kumar, Kapil

doi:10.5958/2349-2988.2018.00024.4

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…1 Additionally, osteomyelitis can also spread from infected tissues, such as following surgery, open fractures, and joint replacement. 2 After entering into the body, most bacteria adhere to the surface of necrotic soft tissue and bone tissue in a static state and form a bacterial biofilm, which has a protective effect on bacteria and greatly enhances bacterial resistance to antibiotics, making it difficult for bacteria to be completely removed. 3,4 Therefore, chronic osteomyelitis is difficult to cure and easily relapses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a ciprofloxacin delivery system based on poly(DLLA-co-GA-co-CL) for treatment of chronic osteomyelitis

Liu

Bai

Liang

2020

Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials

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Chronic osteomyelitis causes serious injury to patients. Antibiotic delivery systems based on poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) have great potential for treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. However, PLGA has a glass-transition temperature that is higher than physiological temperatures, resulting in a lack of flexibility for implantation into the bone marrow cavity. As an alternative, poly(d, l-lactide-co-glycolide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLGC) presents good flexibility due to the introduction of poly(ε-caprolactone) segments. To develop a new strategy for treatment of chronic osteomyelitis, a ciprofloxacin delivery system was prepared using PLGC as carriers, the antibacterial effects of which were evaluated both in vivo and in vitro. The in vitro release behavior showed that the average release reached 268.5 μg/days on day 33, with a cumulative release rate of 56.01%. A bacteriostatic ring, with a diameter of 26.83 ± 0.83 mm, was produced by ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus after 30 days of release via our ciprofloxacin-PLGC system. After 4 weeks of treatment in vivo, chronic-osteomyelitis-model rats had a bodyweight of 385.83 ± 17.23 g and a normal white-blood-cell count, as well as a lower number of bacterial colonies per gram of bone tissue of (10.6 ± 3.0) × 101 CFU/g. Furthermore, no inflammatory cells were observed via hematoxylin-and-eosin staining, and normal bone structure was observed via X-ray. Taken together, our findings indicate that our novel ciprofloxacin-PLGC system yielded noteworthy antibacterial effects both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that it may be useful for treating patients with chronic osteomyelitis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a ciprofloxacin delivery system based on poly(DLLA-co-GA-co-CL) for treatment of chronic osteomyelitis

Liu

Bai

Liang

2020

Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials

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“…In osteomyelitis (bone infection), bacteria can access the bone following traumatic injuries, from the blood stream, or contiguously from nearby infections or contaminated hardware. 3,4 In 2020, it is estimated that the treatment of implant-related osteomyelitis will cost $1.62 billion dollars. 5 Osteomyelitis is anticipated to have worsening implications on patient outcomes in the years to come, particularly in the growing diabetic population.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 Acute osteomyelitis can generally be cleared with antibiotics if treated in a timely manner. 4 Chronic osteomyelitis is classified as persistent, long-term infection. Often, biofilms are indicated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,10,11 Typical symptoms include bone necrosis, subsequent involucrum formation, and an increased risk of amputation. 4 First discovered in the late 1880s, S. aureus is a gram-positive bacteria (diameter~1 μm) that appear as grape-like clusters (Figure 1). 12 Several phenotypic states of S. aureus are considered hallmarks of bacterial antibiotic resistance: small colony variants (SCVs), biofilms, Staphylococcus abscess communities (SAC), and colonization of the osteocytic canalicular networks of cortical bone.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Therapeutics and delivery vehicles for local treatment of osteomyelitis

Cobb

McCabe

Priddy

2020

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Osteomyelitis, or the infection of the bone, presents a major complication in orthopedics and may lead to prolonged hospital visits, implant failure, and in more extreme cases, amputation of affected limbs. Typical treatment for this disease involves surgical debridement followed by long‐term, systemic antibiotic administration, which contributes to the development of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria and has limited ability to eradicate challenging biofilm‐forming pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus—the most common cause of osteomyelitis. Local delivery of high doses of antibiotics via traditional bone cement can reduce systemic side effects of an antibiotic. Nonetheless, growing concerns over burst release (then subtherapeutic dose) of antibiotics, along with microbial colonization of the nondegradable cement biomaterial, further exacerbate antibiotic resistance and highlight the need to engineer alternative antimicrobial therapeutics and local delivery vehicles with increased efficacy against, in particular, biofilm‐forming, antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. Furthermore, limited guidance exists regarding both standardized formulation protocols and validated assays to predict efficacy of a therapeutic against multiple strains of bacteria. Ideally, antimicrobial strategies would be highly specific while exhibiting a broad spectrum of bactericidal activity. With a focus on S. aureus infection, this review addresses the efficacy of novel therapeutics and local delivery vehicles, as alternatives to the traditional antibiotic regimens. The aim of this review is to discuss these components with regards to long bone osteomyelitis and to encourage positive directions for future research efforts.

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“…Osteomyelitis, for instance, is a bone infection that can be caused by a large range of bacteria, as S. aureus (Gram‐positive) and P. aeruginosa (Gram‐negative), and can lead to bone necrosis (Peng et al, 2017; Taki, Krkovic, Moore, Abood, & Norrish, 2016). The bacteria can infect the bone in several ways, as through open wounds, fractures or through the bloodstream (Bhowmik, Bhanot, Gautam, Rai, & Kumar, 2018). The bacteria infection can affect from large to small bones, as femur (Calhoun, Manring, & Shirtliff, 2009) and distal phalanx (Pinder & Barlow, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioglass‐based scaffolds coated with silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, processing and antimicrobial activity

Oliveira

Barbosa

Hurtado

et al. 2020

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Over the past few years, several tridimensional synthetic bone grafts, known as scaffolds, are being developed to overcome the autologous grafts limitations. Among the materials used on the production of scaffolds, the 45S5 bioglass stands out due to its capacity of bonding to hard and soft tissues. Silver nanoparticles are well-known for their antimicrobial properties and their incorporation on the scaffold may promote its antimicrobial response, avoiding microorganism proliferation on the materials surface. This study proposes a simple way to coat 45S5 bioglass-based scaffolds with silver nanoparticles. The scaffolds were obtained by the sponge replication technique and the silver nanoparticles were incorporated by soaking under ultrasonic stirring. The antimicrobial activity of the scaffolds was analyzed against three different microbial strains: S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. Due to the heat treatment during the scaffold production, the bioglass crystalized mainly in a sodium calcium silicate phase, forming a glass-ceramic scaffold. The silver nanoparticles were coated in a welldistributed manner throughout the scaffold, while avoiding their aggregation. The coated scaffold inhibited the growth of all the analyzed microorganism. Therefore, the use of ultrasonic stirring to coat the bioglass scaffold with silver nanoparticles showed to be an efficient way to promote its antimicrobial response.

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Osteomyelitis-Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a ciprofloxacin delivery system based on poly(DLLA-co-GA-co-CL) for treatment of chronic osteomyelitis

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a ciprofloxacin delivery system based on poly(DLLA-co-GA-co-CL) for treatment of chronic osteomyelitis

Therapeutics and delivery vehicles for local treatment of osteomyelitis

Bioglass‐based scaffolds coated with silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, processing and antimicrobial activity

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