Osteology and radiographic anatomy of the hind limbs in Marshdeer (Blastocerus dichotomus)

Abstract

RESUMO.-[Anatomia óssea e radiográfica do membro pélvico do cervo-do-pantanal (Blastocerus dichotomus).] O conhecimento das estruturas anatômicas encontradas nos animais silvestres é importante para a prática da clínica médica e cirúrgica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a osteologia e anatomia radiográfica do fêmur, patela, tíbia, fíbula, tarsais, metatarsais e falanges do cervo--do-pantanal, para contribuir com o cotidiano clínico e, a identificação da espécie. A maioria das estruturas foi semelhante às encontradas nos animais domésticos, com particularidades próprias da espécie. Destaca-se, por exemplo, a ausência do terceiro trocanter do fêmur. Embora seja um ruminante, o cervo-do-pantanal apresentou a fíbula semelhante à descrita para os equinos. Este animal possui quatro dedos em cada membro, formados por três falanges, sendo que apenas o terceiro e o quarto dedos tocam o solo e, o segundo e o quinto dedos são rudimentares. Apresentou ainda quatro ossos sesamóides proximais e dois distais. Não se observou ossos sesamóides junto ao músculo gastrocnêmio.TERMOS DE INDEXAÇÃO: Cervo-do-pantanal, Blastocerus dichotomus, coxa, perna, animais silvestres, anatomia. INTRODUCTIONThe Marshdeer is a ruminant that belongs to the family Cervidae included on the currently eight species of deer found in Brazil (Barbanti Duarte 2008, Barbanti Duarte et al. 2012). This species is considered the largest deer from South America, and the males can weigh up to 130 kg (Pinder & Grosse 1991) The knowledge of anatomical structures found in wild animals is important for the practice of medical and surgical clinic. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the osteology and radiographic anatomy of the femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal, metatarsal and phalanges of the Marshdeer Blastocerus dichotomus as a reference for clinical use and species identification. Most structures were similar to those found in domestic animals, with special features of this species. Noteworthy is, for example, the absence of the third trochanter of the femur. Although a ruminant, the Marshdeer has a fibuyla similar to the one described for the horse. B. dichotomus has four fingers on each limb, formed through three phalanges, only the third and fourth finger touch the ground, and the second and fifth finger is rudimentary. It has four proximal and two distal sesamoid bones, and sesamoid bones near the gastrocnemius muscle do not exist.

Macroscopic Anatomy of the Stifle Joint in the Pampa’s Deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus-Linnaeus, 1758)

“…In relation to the size of the patellar articular surfaces, it was the same as what was described for other ungulates, where the medial one was wider [24]. In general, the conformation of the bones participating in the joint was like that described for marsh deer [42].…”

Three‐dimensional modelling of computed tomography images of limb bones in gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa)

“…But, in camel s (Crişan et al, 2009), otters ( Lutra lutra ) (Dinç, Aydın, & Atalar, 1999) and dogs (Gültekin & ve Uçar, 1980), the trochanter major was found to be lower than the caput femoris. On the other hand, Chimming et al (2015) claimed that in swamp deer ( Blastocerus dichotomus ), trochanter major was separated into cranial and caudal parts.…”

Gross Osteology and digital radiography of the common Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), Carl Linnaeus, 1766 for scientific and clinical application

“…One of the more distinctive features of the humeri was the fossa trochanterica, in our specimen even continuous in cranial-caudal direction, rather than just a deep depression, as with other rodents. Although a deep fossa in H. hydrochaeris is reported, no mention of it in any of the available literature is made, about a continuous opening (Araújo et al, 2012;Bode et al, 2016aBode et al, , 2016bBrombini et al, 2018;Moreira et al, 2013;Schimming et al, 2015). Although not unique to H. hydrochaeris, the identification of the fossa might aid in species identification.…”

“…Besides obtaining radiographic images, additional objectives were to practice orotracheal intubation, which is rather challenging, compared to other species (Girotto, 2018), and urethral catheterization, for future pharmaceutical induced semen collection techniques (Araujo et al, 2020;Rosenfield et al, 2019a). Although several publications have partially described the anatomic and radiographic structures of H. hydrochaeris (Araújo et al, 2012;Bode et al, 2016aBode et al, , 2016bBrombini et al, 2018;Hirota et al, 2018;Kihara, 2017;Schimming et al, 2015;Silva, 2019), this is the first reference on the complete radiographic skeletal anatomy, supported by bone specimens, intended as a reference for scientific studies and clinical-surgical applications. > 40kg are considered adults.…”