“…As part of a more inclusive phylogenetic analysis, the skeletal anatomy of ceratophryids was analyzed and compared with that of putative closely related taxa (Frost et al, 2006;Grant et al, 2006;Pyron and Wiens, 2011) to identify possible osteological synapomorphies of Ceratophryidae and its genera. This information was based on comparative material (Appendix 1) and a literature survey (e.g., Grandison, 1961;Reig and Limeses, 1963;Lynch, 1971Lynch, , 1972Lynch, , 1978Lynch, , 1982Reig, 1972;Pires Gayer, 1984;Laurent and Lavilla, 1986;Lavilla and Lobo, 1992;Wild, 1997Wild, , 1999Lavilla and Ergueta Sandoval, 1999;Izecksohn et al, 2005;Da Silva Vieira et al, 2006;Fabrezi, 2006;Rosset et al, 2007;Prado and Pombal, 2008;Rosset, 2008;Lavilla et al, 2010). Osteological terminology mainly follows Trueb (1973), with additional terms from Ro cek (2003) and Jurgens (1971); otherwise, it is clarified in the text.…”