Osteogenic Protein-1 Is Required for Mammalian Eye Development

Expression of galanin and a galanin receptor in several sensory systems and bone anlage of rat embryos

“…Thus far, GAL expression has mainly been confined to neurons and certain endocrine systems such as the pituitary gland (7). However, bone and the nervous system share several molecules during development, e.g., osteogenic protein, which is important not only in several peripheral tissues but also in the central nervous system, including the eye (36).…”

Contributions by members of the TGFbeta superfamily to lens development

“…Previous studies showed that lens and eye development is disrupted in embryos lacking BMP4 or BMP7 (Dudley et al, 1995, Furuta and Hogan 1998, Godin et al, 1999, Jena et al, 1997, Luo et al, 1995, Solursh et al, 1996, Wawersik et al, 1999. Analysis of these defects was complicated by the fact that BMP4 null embryos die just as eye development is beginning and because the phenotype of BMP7 knockouts is variable, with some embryos having normal eyes and others lacking eyes entirely.…”

“…BMPs play important roles in lens induction (Furuta and Hogan 1998, Jena et al, 1997, Luo et al, 1995, Solursh et al, 1996, Wawersik et al, 1999 and in the differentiation of lens fiber cells , Faber et al, 2002. To learn more about the function of BMP signaling during lens development, we examined mice in which one of the type I BMP receptors was selectively deleted in the lens using Cre-loxP-mediated gene targeting.…”

“…Germ line deletion of at least two ligands, BMP4 and BMP7, showed that they participate in lens induction and later eye development (Furuta and Hogan 1998, Jena et al, 1997, Luo et al, 1995, Solursh et al, 1996, Wawersik et al, 1999. There is also evidence that BMPs and TGFβs contribute to the later differentiation of lens fiber cells , de Iongh et al, 2001b, Faber et al, 2002, the proper differentiation of the ciliary epithelium (Zhao et al, 2002), the differentiation of the ventral region of the optic cup , cell survival and axon guidance in the retina (Liu et al, 2003, Trousse et al, 2001, the differentiation of the retinal pigmented epithelium (Fuhrmann et al, 2000) and the formation of the corneal endothelium and stroma (Saika et al, 2001, Sanford et al, 1997.…”

BMP treatment for improving tendon repair Studies on rat and rabbit Achilles tendons

“…Rat embryos cultured with anti OP-1 antibodies consistently exhibited a number of abnormalities, including over-all embryo size reduction, reduced facial size and smaller hearts. The majority of these embryos lacked eyes (Solursh et al 1996). At least some members of the BMP-family are required for proper patterning in the vertebrate limb and in other skeletal structures.…”