Osteogenic differentiation of Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured on WJ-scaffold through conventional signalling mechanism

Abstract

Wharton's jelly-derived extracellular matrix (WJ-ECM) has attracted researcher's attention for its biomedical applications. Previously, we fabricated a biomimetic spongy scaffold from decellularized WJ-ECM and, in this study, we sought to examine the osteogenic inductive potential of this scaffold and its underlying mechanism. To address this question, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated from WJ using a mechanical method and cultured on the scaffold, under dynamic condition, for over 21 days in the presence or absence of osteogenic medium. The status of signalling pathways involved in the osteogenic differentiation and the expression profile of integrins in the WJ-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) were examined. WJ-MSCs displayed differentiation capacities and expressed surface antigens, characteristics of MSCs. Histologically, WJ-MSCs seeded on the scaffold showed a proper cellular attachment, penetration and migration. They also exhibited a higher degree of alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition and osteogenic gene expression, than those cultured in 2D condition. The expression of Wnt, BMP and TGF-b signalling target genes together with that of a2, av and b1 integrins was increased in WJ-MSCs in both presence and absence of osteogenic induction medium. Taken together, our results demonstrate that WJ-derived scaffold induces osteogenic differentiation of WJ-MSCs, possibly through activating integrins and subsequently conventional intracellular signalling pathways.

Efficient osteogenic differentiation of the dental pulp stem cells on β‐glycerophosphate loaded polycaprolactone/polyethylene oxide blend nanofibers

“…Scaffolds or implants that can play ECM role at the injured tissues also induce differentiation to stem cells, in situ. Releasing of the growth factors has attracted much attention among surgeons and researchers in the field of tissue engineering (Beiki, Zeynali, Taghiabadi, Seyedjafari, & Kehtari, 2018;Gattazzo, Urciuolo, & Bonaldo, 2014). It is well known that β-GP plays a great role in mineralization of the bone cells, which is a critical characteristic of these cells, although its role in mineralization induction essentially depended on the ALP enzymes that can cut organic phosphates and concentrate them (Chung et al, 1992;Coelho & Fernandes, 2000).…”

“…Important osteogenic genes expression was evaluated in DPSCs cultured on PCL-PEO (basal), PCL-PEO (osteo), PCL-PEO+β-GP (basal), and PCL-PEO+β-GP (osteo) groups at days 7 and 14 after cell seeding (Figure 6). The highest Runx-2 expression level was detected in DPSCs cultured on PCL-PEO+β-GP (osteo), whereas its expression also among surgeons and researchers in the field of tissue engineering (Beiki, Zeynali, Taghiabadi, Seyedjafari, & Kehtari, 2018;Gattazzo, Urciuolo, & Bonaldo, 2014). It is well known that β-GP plays a great role in mineralization of the bone cells, which is a critical characteristic of these cells, although its role in mineralization induction essentially depended on the ALP enzymes that can cut organic phosphates and concentrate them (Chung et al, 1992;Coelho & Fernandes, 2000).…”

Different osteoconductivity of PLLA/PHB composite nanofibers prepared by one‐ and two‐nozzle electrospinning

“…The most important goals of tissue engineering include tissue regeneration and improved organ function through the construction of three‐dimensional (3D) scaffolds that can be cultured with cells outside the body 4 . The main goal in tissue engineering is to make degradable scaffolds as substrates for cell growth and activity that should be nontoxic and biocompatible and have also a good mechanical strength, as well as a micrometer‐scale environment capable for supporting cell adhesion, cell growth, and differentiation 5,6 . The scaffold provides the physical and chemical conditions for cell culture and plays an essential role in cellular activity 7 .…”

Improved efficacy of bio‐mineralization of human mesenchymal stem cells on modified PLLA nanofibers coated with bioactive materials via enhanced expression of integrin α2β1

“…5 Biomaterials can be divided into natural compounds including hydroxyapatite (Ha), gelatin, collagen, chitosan, etc. [8][9][10] and synthetic ceramics such as poly-L-lactide acid (PLLA), poly caprolactone (PCL), and poly lactide acid (PLA), etc. [11][12][13][14] The compatibility issue can be avoided by using electrospinning technology, in which the polymeric solutions are transformed into nanofibers by electrostatic forces.…”