Osteoclasts and odontoclasts: signaling pathways to development and disease

Abstract

Oral Diseases (2011) 17, 129–142 Osteoclasts are cells essential for physiologic remodeling of bone and also play important physiologic and pathologic roles in the dentofacial complex. Osteoclasts and odontoclasts are necessary for tooth eruption yet result in dental compromise when associated with permanent tooth internal or external resorption. The determinants that separate their physiologic and pathologic roles are not well delineated. Clinical cases of primary eruption failure and root resorption are challenging to treat. Mineralized tissue resorbing cells undergo a fairly well characterized series of differentiation stages driven by transcriptional mediators. Signal transduction via cytokines and integrin‐mediated events comprise the detailed pathways operative in osteo/odontoclastic cells and may provide insights to their targeted regulation. A better understanding of the unique aspects of osteoclastogenesis and osteo/odontoclast function will facilitate effective development of new therapeutic approaches. This review presents the clinical challenges and delves into the cellular and biochemical aspects of the unique cells responsible for resorption of mineralized tissues of the craniofacial complex.

Advances in the Regulation of Osteoclasts and Osteoclast Functions

“…S1P levels have not been reported in crevicular fluids around teeth in periodontal disease, but S1P has been shown to increase the production of inflammatory cytokines in periodontitis (Aarthi et al, 2011). Circulating OCPs are also attracted to actively resorbing primary, but not permanent, teeth, presumably by RANKL and M-CSF, which are expressed by pulp and periodontal ligament cells (Wang and McCauley, 2011).…”

Cellular and Molecular Pathways Leading to External Root Resorption

“…Several effector cells are implicated in the root resorption process-specifically, the odontoclasts, the morphologic and functional characteristics of which are extremely similar to those of the osteoclast (Wang and McCauley 2011). Resident periodontal ligament (PDL) and bone marrow-derived circulating mononuclear hematopoietic precursor cells may be directed toward odontoclast differentiation from a semiquiescent state to one of superspecialization, necessary to promote alveolar bone as well as root resorption (Hienz et al 2015).…”

Prevalência de lesão endodôntica em pacientes diabéticos

“…Ao contrário dos resultados encontrados em outras pesquisas (15,16) , na presente investigação, houve maior porcentagem de lesões endodônticas em dentes tratados endodonticamente nos pacientes diabéticos em relação ao grupo controle -o mesmo fato ocorreu em dentes com lesões endodônticas e sem tratamentos endodônticos. Pacientes diabéticos apresentaram aumento de doença periodontal em dentes tratados endodonticamente, demonstrando significativa redução no sucesso do tratamento endodôntico, porém, apenas nos casos em que havia presença de lesão apical inicialmente.…”

“…Demonstra-se que pacientes diabéticos apresentam elevadas perdas de inserção periodontal (9) , ocorrendo inclusive contraindicações em casos nos quais são necessários implantes dentários para promover reabilitação protética (14) . As perdas ósseas apicais, chamadas de lesões endodônticas ou periodontites apicais, visualizadas radiograficamente como áreas radiolúcidas, constituem a primeira sequela relativa à contaminação do sistema de canais radiculares como consequência da cárie dental não tratada (15) ou de dentes tratados endodonticamente e não restaurados adequadamente (16) . Investigações epidemiológicas têm demonstrado elevadas prevalências de lesões endodônticas, variando de 1,4% (17) a 8,0% (18) , utilizando dentes como unidades de estudo.…”