Osteoblastic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells on non‐stoichiometric calcium phosphate and titanium surfaces

Abstract

Bioactive materials offer particular clinical benefits in the field of dental implantology, where differentiation of stem cells towards an osteoblastic lineage is required for osseointegration and appropriate function of implants in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteoblastic response of Stro‐1 +ve periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) to three well‐characterized biomaterial surfaces: an abraded titanium surface (cpTi) control; a polycrystalline titanium surface, with both micro and nanotopography produced by radio frequency magnetron sputtering (TiTi); and the same surface incorporating a sputter deposited calcium phosphate coating (CaP‐TiTi). The CaP‐TiTi surfaces were nonstoichiometric, carbonated, and calcium rich with a Ca/P ratio of 1.74. PDLSCs were grown on each surface in the absence of supplementary osteogneic‐inducing agents. Osteoblastic responses were assessed for up to 21 days in culture by measuring gene expression using real time q‐PCR and via assessment of intracellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Gene expression analysis for the CaP‐TiTi surfaces showed a significant late stage up‐regulation of Secreted Phosphoprotein 1. Additionally, there was a significant up‐regulation of the Wnt signaling genes β‐catenin and Wnt Family Member 5 A on days 14 and 21, respectively for the CaP‐TiTi surface. A significant increase in intracellular ALP at day 21 for the CaP‐TiTi surface was also observed. These data suggest that the CaP‐TiTi surfaces provide the bioactive conditions required for direct osteoblastic differentiation of PDLSCs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1692–1702, 2017.

Control of magnesium alloy corrosion by bioactive calcium phosphate coating: Implications for resorbable orthopaedic implants

“…CaP coatings have been deposited onto magnesium alloys previously for the purposes of improved corrosive properties, using a variety of methods [21,[27][28][29], however there is a limited understanding of how dense RF magnetron sputtered CaP thin films impact corrosion. The coatings are designated herein as being CaP in nature as they have a slightly different stoichiometry than that of the hydroxyapatite (HA) powder targets from which they are formed [30][31][32].…”

Enhanced VEGF/VEGF-R and RUNX2 Expression in Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Cultured on Sandblasted/Etched Titanium Disk

“…They have been collected from the periodontal ligament, a specialized connective tissue that linked alveolar bone socket with the tooth root surface, distinguished by various cell populations as osteoblasts, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and stem cells (De Colli et al, 2015;Safi et al, 2019). The hPDLSCs show multipotent and proliferative properties (Winning et al, 2017). In fact, hPDLSCs improved the interface formation among dental devices utilized for implants and bone in an event defined osseointegration (Kado et al, 2019).…”

A Comparative Analysis of the Osteogenic Potential of Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…As well as bone marrow, MSC populations have also been isolated from several oral tissues such as dental pulp, periodontal ligament, apical papilla, dental follicle, tooth germ, gingivae, and periosteum [6][7][8][9][10]. Owing to their relative ease of access and less invasive harvesting techniques in comparison to BMMSCs, dental MSCs represent an attractive alternative MSC source for bone-tissue engineering applications [11,12]. Studies have also found other advantageous properties such as the ability to produce higher colony forming units, a higher cell proliferation rate, and a longer survival time in comparison to BMMSCs [13,14].…”