Osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by mumie extract

Abstract

Mumie, a plant humus matter from rocks, is known as anabolic and a stimulator of bone regeneration in the Russian and Indian systems of health and medicine. The water-soluble fraction of mumie from Uzbekistan was characterized using 1 H NMR and infrared spectroscopic methods. The mumie extract has been investigated for its effect on osteoblastic differentiation in cell culture assays of human and murine mesenchymal stem cells. The calcium deposition and expression of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, core binding factor 1 (Cbfa1), and ERK have been studied. During the 14-day assay period, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and human fetal osteoblasts cultured with mumie (3-5 mg/ml) underwent a dramatic change in cellular morphology, which was accompanied by a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and osteocalcin expression. The expression of core binding factor 1 and ERK were enhanced in hMSCs and murine pluripotent mesenchymal precursor cell line C2C12. Dose-dependent decrease in TRAP-positive multinucleated cell formation from macrophage-like cells RAW 264.7 was observed with increasing concentration of mumie in the presence of RANKL (40 ng/ml) and PD98059 (10 mM), a specific inhibitor of ERK activity. The data suggest that mumie is a potent stimulator of osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis, hence it maybe of clinical benefit in the treatment for osteoporosis in human. Drug Dev. Res. 57: 122-133, 2002.

Complement‐fixing activity of fulvic acid from Shilajit and other natural sources

“…The 1 H-NMR spectrum of crude Shilajit was close to that of Shilajit obtained from other mountain regions (e.g., see Jung et al, 2002]) and contained much stronger signals in the aliphatic (0.5-2.8 ppm) and aromatic (6-8 ppm) regions, as compared to spectra of the isolated Shalajit fractions. In general, the spectra of crude SHS and primary fractions S-II and S-III were similar to each other, and proton signals in the region from 0.0 to 5.5 ppm were more separated than in the same region of spectra from fraction S-I (Figure 5A).…”

“…Shilajit humus consists of organic matter (60-80%), mineral matter (20-40%) and ~5% trace elements (Ghosal et al, 1991a;Frolova and Kiseleva, 1996). For therapeutic applications, Shilajit has been used in the form of an aqueous extract, and extracts of Shilajit have been shown to activate phagocytosis and cytokine release by murine peritoneal macrophages (Bhaumik et al, 1993), stimulate osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (Jung et al, 2002). Shilajit extracts have also been shown to induce the proliferation of lymphocytes in the cortical thymus layer and increased migration of these cells into thymus-dependent zones of the lymph nodes and spleen (Agzamov et al, 1988).…”

Generation of composites for bone tissue-engineering applications consisting of gellan gum hydrogels mineralized with calcium and magnesium phosphate phases by enzymatic means

“…Briefly, 600 µl of a suspension of 100 000 cells/ml were incubated in RPMI medium on the samples for 14 days and stimulated with macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF, 25 ng/ml) and receptor activator of NF‐ κ B ligand (RANKL; 40 ng/ml). These factors induce the differentiation of the monocytes into osteoclast‐like cells (Wei et al ., ; Jung et al ., ). The formation of actin ring structures and the multinuclearity of osteoclast‐like cells were verified by immunofluorescence microscopy (Axioplan 2 Imaging, Zeiss, Germany).…”

Does Shilajit Have an Effect on New Bone Remodelling in the Rapid Maxillary Expansion Treatment? A Biochemical, Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study

“…Jung et al (26) reported that shilajit is a potent stimulator of osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis. Their studies showed that the levels of osteoblastic markers such as ALP activity, the effect of shilajit on osteoblastic differentiation ranges from 35% to 90% of the osteogenic medium stimulatory action.…”