Osteoblast Biocompatibility and Antibacterial Effects Using 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl Phosphocholine-Grafted Stainless-Steel Composite for Implant Applications

Abstract

Poor osteogenesis and bacterial infections lead to an implant failure, so the enhanced osteogenic and antimicrobial activity of the implantable device is of great importance in orthopedic applications. In this study, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphocholine (MPC) was grafted onto 316L stainless steel (SS) using a facile photo-induced radical graft polymerization method via a benzophenone (BP) photo initiator. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to determine the nanoscale morphological changes on the surface. The grafted BP-MPC layer was estimated to be tens of nanometers thick. The SS-BP-MPC composite was more hydrophilic and smoother than the untreated and BP-treated SS samples. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria binding onto the SS-BP-MPC composite film surface was significantly reduced compared with the pristine SS and SS-BP samples. Mouse pre-osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells showed good adhesion on the MPC-modified samples and better proliferation and metabolic activity (73% higher) than the pristine SS sample. Biological studies revealed that grafting MPC onto the SS substrate enhanced the antibacterial efficiency and also retained osteoblast biocompatibility. This proposed procedure is promising for use with other implant materials.

Evaluation of the surface characteristics and antibacterial properties of Titanium dioxide nanotube and methacryloyloxyethylphosphorylcholine (MPC) coated orthodontic brackets-a comparative invitro study

“…To this mixture, 150 ml of 0.1 M HCl solution was added and stirred at 60 °C for 12 h. Until a neutral pH was attained, the solution was cleaned again with deionized water. The titanium dioxide nanotubes were centrifuged and calcinated at 450 °C for 4 h [ 26 , 27 ] (Fig. 3 ).…”

“…Few of the nanoparticles that have been incorporated into the orthodontic materials include silver, zinc, titanium, copper, magnesium, chitosan and zwitter ion based nanoparticles [ 7 ]. Atomic layer deposition, radical graft polymerisation have been used to coat the MPC on the stainless [ 8 , 9 ]. .…”

Bioinspired by cell membranes: functional polymeric materials for biomedical applications

“…82 Most recently, an MPC polymer was grafted onto the surface of 316L stainless steel through a photo-induced radical polymerization to endow it osteogenic and antibacterial properties for orthopedic applications. 202 Ghosh et al also modified the commonly used a titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) with an MPC polymer with a uniform surface, less roughness, and low cell attachment to fulfill the requirement of hip arthroplasty. 203 Implantable glucose sensors are very useful for monitoring the blood glucose level of diabetics; however, they still lack in vivo long-term reliability owing to the inflammation and fibrosis around the sensors, which both decrease their sensitivity (blocking glucose transportation) and shorten their lifetime.…”

Ahmed implant coated with poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) inhibits foreign body reactions in rabbit eyes

“…To improve the blood compatibility of a small-diameter vascular prosthesis, prostheses containing segmented polyurethane and PMPC were made and grafted to carotid arteries of rabbits, and the prostheses were patent without thrombus and pseudointima [ 15 ]. Chen et al [ 16 ] found that a PMPC-grafted stainless steel composite showed better osteoblast biocompatibility and antibacterial effect against staphylococcus aureus than a pristine stainless steel surface. Park et al [ 17 ] performed an in vivo study with PMPC-coated silicone breast implants in rats and observed a reduction of nonspecific protein adsorption and fibroblast adhesion on the implant surface.…”