Osteoarticular allograft of the proximal humerus—histopathological study 18 years after implantation

Histological examination of frozen autograft treated by liquid nitrogen removed after implantation

“…Osteogenesis in the frozen bones of our patients developed earlier than has been reported in other studies involving non-frozen bones [9][10][11][12][13][14] (Table 2). Griffiths et al 19 reported that new bone formation in allografts begins at the junction between the host and graft bone and creeps towards the subchondral bone from the junction.…”

FT-IR imaging of native and tissue-engineered bone and cartilage

“…There has been extensive research into techniques to repair damaged cartilage, including the use of microfracture techniques [76][77][78][79][80], autograft and allograft transplants [81][82][83][84][85] and autologous chondrocyte implantation procedures [86][87][88][89][90]. Emerging tissue engineering techniques include bioreactor growth of cartilagenous tissue [91][92][93][94] and the use of threedimensional scaffolds, such as hydrogels, in combination with cell seeding [95][96][97][98].…”