Osteoarthritis models: From animals to tissue engineering

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative osteoarthropathy. Although it has been revealed that a variety of factors can cause or aggravate the symptoms of OA, the pathogenic mechanisms of OA remain unknown. Reliable OA models that accurately reflect human OA disease are crucial for studies on the pathogenic mechanism of OA and therapeutic drug evaluation. This review first demonstrated the importance of OA models by briefly introducing the OA pathological features and the current limitations in the pathogenesis and treatment of OA. Then, it mainly discusses the development of different OA models, including animal and engineered models, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages from the perspective of pathogenesis and pathology analysis. In particular, the state-of-the-art engineered models and their potential were emphasized, as they may represent the future direction in the development of OA models. Finally, the challenges in obtaining reliable OA models are also discussed, and possible future directions are outlined to shed some light on this area.

Regulating Chondro‐Bone Metabolism for Treatment of Osteoarthritis via High‐Permeability Micro/Nano Hydrogel Microspheres

“…To discuss the therapeutic effects of SCT‐HA on OA, we established a mouse OA model via ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) transection and surgically induced joint mechanical instability. [ 38 ] This model was used to assess the biological effects of the treatment. As shown in Figure S8 (Supporting Information), footprints from each experimental group were collected 10 weeks after surgery.…”

Ex Vivo Functional Benchmarking of Hyaluronan-Based Osteoarthritis Viscosupplement Products: Comprehensive Assessment of Rheological, Lubricative, Adhesive, and Stability Attributes

“…Prior to the experimental functional benchmarking of the retained CE-marked medical devices (MD), the systematic gathering of relevant ad hoc technical documentation enabled a broad fact-based comparison of the investigated hydrogels (Table 1). 1 Hylan A (80%) and Hylan B (20%). 2 Niacinamide is also known as nicotinamide [32,33].…”

“…Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent pathology, marked by progressive articular cartilage structural and functional deterioration, as well as osteophyte formation, subchondral bone remodeling, and synovial membrane chronic inflammation [1,2]. It is noteworthy that knee OA eventually disrupts the entire joint system, progressively acting through an insidious and multifactorial pathophysiological cascade [1][2][3][4][5].…”

“…Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent pathology, marked by progressive articular cartilage structural and functional deterioration, as well as osteophyte formation, subchondral bone remodeling, and synovial membrane chronic inflammation [1,2]. It is noteworthy that knee OA eventually disrupts the entire joint system, progressively acting through an insidious and multifactorial pathophysiological cascade [1][2][3][4][5]. While many drivers and mechanisms of OA are currently under scientific investigation, compositional and functional analyses of healthy and diseased joints have guided the development of modern therapeutic solutions (i.e., without yielding a cure so far) [1,3].…”

“…It is noteworthy that knee OA eventually disrupts the entire joint system, progressively acting through an insidious and multifactorial pathophysiological cascade [1][2][3][4][5]. While many drivers and mechanisms of OA are currently under scientific investigation, compositional and functional analyses of healthy and diseased joints have guided the development of modern therapeutic solutions (i.e., without yielding a cure so far) [1,3]. Specifically, it is known that healthy cartilage tissue facilitates smooth bone movement by providing a low-friction, highly wear-resistant surface, and by acting as a shock absorber (i.e., with distribution of the forces applied to the joint during physical activities) [4,6].…”