“…In general, HMGB1 expression is increased in tissues of both human and animal models of musculoskeletal disease compared to control tissues, as well as in early (acute) disease compared to late (chronic) disease 13,24‐26,32,33,35‐52,54‐58,60‐64,66‐71,75‐77,80‐85,87‐89,91 . HMGB1 is expressed by both tissue‐resident stromal cells and infiltrating immune cells 24‐26,32,33,42‐48,50‐52,56‐58,60‐64,66,67,69‐71,75,76,80‐82,85,88 . Local administration of HMGB1 to (cultured cells derived from) arthritic tissues worsened both clinical and histopathologic arthritis, increased synovial angiogenesis, and enhanced chemotaxis 32‐34,42,46,57,62,65,71‐75,78,81,85,92 .…”