“…Some authors have utilized surgical stabilization of the pubic symphysis joint to alleviate symptoms, but most are in agreement that this step should only be utilized when conservative techniques fail and particularly so within an athletic population (Beer, 1924;Holt, Keene, Graf, & Helwig, 1995;Kavroudakis, Karampinas, Evangelopoulos, & Vlamis, 2011;Mandelbaum & Mora, 2005;Mehin, Meek, O'Brien, & Blachut, 2006;Paajanen, Heikkinen, Hermunen, & Airo, 2005, Paajanen, Hermunen, Karonen, 2008Radic & Annear, 2008;Williams et al, 2000). Other clinicians have utilised injection therapy to equivocal degrees of success, mainly using corticosteroid (Batt et al, 1995;Holt et al, 1995;O'Connell, Powell, McCaffrey, O'Connell, & Eustace, 2002).…”