Osseous differentiation on freeze casted 10CeTZP-Al2O3 structures

Abstract

Three-dimensional structures with directionally oriented pore networks were fabricated from a 10 mol% ceria-stabilized zirconia and alumina composite (10CeTZP-Al 2 O 3 ) via freeze casting. Ceramic suspensions of different concentrations (30, 40 and 50 wt% solids) were frozen at various rates (2, 5 and 10°C/min) to obtain lamellar structures with aligned tubular pores of different characteristics: porosity (75-84%), pore dimensions (small diameter of the elliptical pores: 10-23 μm; large diameter of the elliptical pores: ~200 ± 70 µm), lamella thickness (2.7-4 μm) and compression strength (1-12 MPa). In vitro assays confirmed the non-cytotoxic nature of the samples. Furthermore, specific osseous differentiation genes were quantified after incubating osteoblasts on different cross sections of the samples during 7 days in supplemented culture medium; results demonstrated that the freeze casted structures induce up to nine times more osseous gene expression than tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS), an advanced surface used for optimized in vitro cell growth.

In-Bath 3D Printing of Anisotropic Shape-Memory Cryogels Functionalized with Bone-Bioactive Nanoparticles

“…Lamellaeoriented porosity obtained from directional freezing has already proved to enhance the osseous differentiation. 68 Moreover, the resulting pore pattern may mimic bone porosity in size and shape, since larger osteons and vascular channels have around 100 μm of length and are found with similar orientation. 69 Cryogel Injectability.…”

“…The color survey for PB-MCs displays two distinct colors as the orientation is registered as −45° and 45° depending on XYZ point of view. Lamellae-oriented porosity obtained from directional freezing has already proved to enhance the osseous differentiation . Moreover, the resulting pore pattern may mimic bone porosity in size and shape, since larger osteons and vascular channels have around 100 μm of length and are found with similar orientation …”

Current state‐of‐the‐art and future perspectives of the three main modern implant‐dentistry concerns: Aesthetic requirements, mechanical properties, and peri‐implantitis prevention

“…Along these same lines, a novel ceramic nanocomposite composed of ceria‐stabilized zirconia and alumina (10CeTZP–Al 2 O 3 ) has shown superior aging properties, strength, and fracture toughness than 3Y‐TZP, the dental ceramic gold standard, thanks to its intrinsic reinforcement mechanism called transformation toughening, related to its stress‐induced martensitic phase transformation . This novel material has already proven to have appropriate mechanical and biological properties for dental applications …”

“…78,79 This novel material has already proven to have appropriate mechanical and biological properties for dental applications. [80][81][82][83][84] Engineering tools like FEM and von Mises analysis can consider all the different variables (material characteristics, type of load, biosubjectivity) and predict the stress distribution of a system in which dental implant, bone tissue, and prosthodontic components are involved. The failure of system components is something that, usually, does not occur immediately but after several masticatory cycles.…”