1983
DOI: 10.1144/gsjgs.140.1.0039
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Osmotic regulation and the evolution of brackish- and fresh-water faunas

Abstract: Present-day brackish-water areas contain a variety of animal species with differing abilities to adapt to dilute media and many studies on the mechanisms of adaptation to dilute media have been made using these species. However, many of these areas are unstable in composition, small in volume and geologically transitory and thus hardly present a likely avenue for large-scale evolutionary processes. Many of these areas are relatively poor in numbers of species and this can be interpreted as indicating that spec… Show more

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Cited by 23 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…Marginal-marine environments, including environments in which IHS is developed (e.g., estuarine channels, delta distributaries), characteristically display steep salinity gradients resulting from variations in: 1) the amount of freshwater input from rivers and runoff from land; 2) tidal range; 3) rain fall; 4) evaporation; 5) salinity content in adjacent open-ocean coastal waters, 6) morphology of the coastal area; and, 7) differences in wind direction and velocity (Dorjes and Howard, 1975;. Salinity gradients produce a physiologically stressful environment for many groups of organisms, and are only tolerated by organisms with specialized adaptations for regulating their cellular chemistry under fluctuating, and decreased, salinity concentrations (Croghan, 1983;. In general, decreasing salinity results in decreasing species diversity.…”
Section: Brackish-water Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Marginal-marine environments, including environments in which IHS is developed (e.g., estuarine channels, delta distributaries), characteristically display steep salinity gradients resulting from variations in: 1) the amount of freshwater input from rivers and runoff from land; 2) tidal range; 3) rain fall; 4) evaporation; 5) salinity content in adjacent open-ocean coastal waters, 6) morphology of the coastal area; and, 7) differences in wind direction and velocity (Dorjes and Howard, 1975;. Salinity gradients produce a physiologically stressful environment for many groups of organisms, and are only tolerated by organisms with specialized adaptations for regulating their cellular chemistry under fluctuating, and decreased, salinity concentrations (Croghan, 1983;. In general, decreasing salinity results in decreasing species diversity.…”
Section: Brackish-water Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Settings characterized by reduced and/or fluctuating salinity show a pronounced size reduction of fauna compared to fully marine counterparts (Milne, 1940). This appears, in part, to be a response to the physiological difficulties in ionic regulation and osmo-regulation (Croghan, 1983). Further, the rigors of inhabiting brackish water imposes an increased oxygen requirement on the fauna, which is minimized by small body sizes (Remane and Schlieper, 1971).…”
Section: Salinity Changes-mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Both trends are broadly ascribed to animal-energy expenditure due to osmoregulation (Kinne, 1967;Croghan, 1983;Mantel, 1985;Ferraris et al, 1994;Gingras et al, 1999). Diminution and diversity reduction may also represent the dominance of juvenile over adult forms due to high mortality rates in stressful environments (MacEachern et al, 1999a).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%