Osmotic coefficients of low-equivalent-weight organic salts. 2

Ho, Patience C.; Bender, Thomas M.; Kahlow, M. A.

doi:10.1021/je00041a017

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…18−27 Water activity data in the aqueous urea have been taken from Stokes, 32 whereas those in aqueous sodium benzoate and sodium salicylate have been measured at 303 K using a Gonotec Osmomat 070 vapor pressure osmometer. Our data, which are summarized in Table 1, are in close agreement with those published at 298 K. 33 The fitting using the molality concentration follows a well-established method of calculation. 32,34 Density data for aqueous urea solutions have been taken from Stokes, 30 whereas those for aqueous sodium benzoate and sodium salicylate solutions have been measured using an Anton Paar DSA 5000 density meter.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…To calculate the preferential hydration parameter, it is necessary to plot μ 2 * against − RT ln a 1 (Figure ); its gradient yields the preferential hydration parameter. − Water activity data in the aqueous urea have been taken from Stokes, whereas those in aqueous sodium benzoate and sodium salicylate have been measured at 303 K using a Gonotec Osmomat 070 vapor pressure osmometer. Our data, which are summarized in Table , are in close agreement with those published at 298 K . The fitting using the molality concentration follows a well-established method of calculation. , …”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 84%

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Mechanism of Hydrophobic Drug Solubilization by Small Molecule Hydrotropes

2012

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Drugs that are poorly soluble in water can be solubilized by the addition of hydrotropes. Albeit known for almost a century, how they work at a molecular basis is still controversial due to the lack of a rigorous theoretical basis. To clear up this situation, a combination of experimental data and Fluctuation Theory of Solutions (FTS) has been employed; information on the interactions between all the molecular species present in the solution has been evaluated directly. FTS has identified two major factors of hydrotrope-induced solubilization: preferential hydrotrope-solute interaction and water activity depression. The former is dominated by hydrotrope-solute association, and the latter is enhanced by ionic dissociation and hindered by the self-aggregation of the hydrotropes. Moreover, in stark contrast to previous hypotheses, neither the change of solute hydration nor the water structure accounts for hydrotropy. Indeed, the rigorous FTS poses serious doubts over the other common hypothesis: self-aggregation of the hydrotrope hinders, rather than promotes, solubilization.

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