Osmoregulation in Onymacris rugatipennis, a free-ranging tenebrionid beetle from the Namib Desert

Naidu, S.G

doi:10.1016/s1095-6433(01)00352-x

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The decrease in the relative sodium and chloride ion contribution from the initial 93% (545·mOsm·l -1 ) to 81% following desiccation (613·mOsm·l -1 ) means that these two ions are responsible for ~40% of the total increase in the haemolymph osmolarity of the desiccated scorpions. It has been shown that dehydration results in an increase in solute content in the haemolymph of beetles, probably due to the accumulation of excretory products such as allantoin and urea (Cohen et al, 1986;Naidu, 1998Naidu, , 2001). It appears possible that at least some of the remaining unknown accumulated solutes found in the haemolymph of the desiccated scorpions are excretory metabolites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative water relations of four species of scorpions in Israel:evidence for phylogenetic differences

Gefen

2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The order Scorpiones (Chelicerata; class: Arachnida) consists of nine living families, with about 1400 described species and subspecies. Scorpions have a wide geographic distribution, from tropical to temperate, including deserts, savannas, tropical forests, mountains over 5500 m in altitude, and the intertidal zone (Polis, 1990). Some of these habitats, e.g. arid deserts, are of extreme environmental conditions, and scorpions have a range of adaptations for life in such harsh environments.Scorpions in general have been reported to show some of the lowest transpiration rates among arthropods (Crawford and Wooten, 1973;Edney, 1977;Hadley, 1990). The nocturnal Hadrurus arizonensis (Iuridae) loses water at a rate ten times lower than that of the tenebrionid beetle Eleodes armata, which can be active during the hot daytime hours (Hadley, 1970). Edney (1977) found 'good examples of relationships between permeabilities and habitats in all classes of arthropods ', and Hadley (1990) pointed out a 'definite trend for lower transpiration rates in the more xeric species' in scorpions.Interspecific differences in water loss rates of scorpions have been reported in several studies. Relatively high water loss rates were reported for the tropical Pandinus imperator (Scorpionidae) compared with the more xeric Buthus hottentotta hottentotta (Buthidae) (Toye, 1970). A comparison of four scorpion species captured in the Mediterranean region of Northern Israel revealed higher water loss rates for Scorpio maurus fuscus (Scorpionidae) and Nebo hierichonticus (Diplocentridae) than those of Leiurus quinquestriatus and Buthotus judaicus (both Buthidae) (Warburg et al., 1980). The xeric Parabuthus villosus (Buthidae) had significantly lower water loss rates in comparison with the mesic Opistophthalmus capensis (Scorpionidae) (Robertson et al., 1982).Most scorpion species have been reported to simply tolerate increased haemolymph osmotic and ionic concentrations as a result of dehydration (Hadley, 1974;Riddle et al., 1976;Warburg et al., 1980;Punzo, 1991). The xeric South African buthid, P. villosus, was reported as an exception to this trend, showing good osmoregulative capacity in comparison with the mesic scorpionid O. capensis (Robertson et al., 1982) and other previously studied species, and comparable to that of tenebrionid beetles, successful desert-inhabiting insects. They view these capabilities, together with the scorpion's large body In an attempt to determine the nature of possible interspecific differences in osmotic responses to dehydration, the following species of two scorpion families were examined: Scorpio maurus fuscus (Scorpionidae) and Buthotus judaicus (Buthidae) from the mesic Lower Galilee (mean annual precipitation ~525·mm); and Scorpio maurus palmatus (Scorpionidae) and Leiurus quinquestriatus (Buthidae) from the xeric Negev Desert (mean annual precipitation ~100·mm).When sampled in the laboratory following their capture, B. judaicus (548±38·mOsm·l -1 ; mean ± S.D.) and L. quinquestriatus (571±39·mOsm·l -1 ) had ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative water relations of four species of scorpions in Israel:evidence for phylogenetic differences

Gefen

2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…During desiccation the beetles lost significant hemolymph volume, which they were able to quickly replenish when allowed to rehydrate on water. Despite complete restoration of hemolymph volume in some of the beetles, the original body mass was not fully restored, suggesting that tissue-associated water was not restored and/or that dry mass had been significantly reduced (Naidu and Hattingh, 1988;Naidu, 2001b). This pattern of rehydration was also observed in cockroaches (Tucker, 1977).…”

Section: Whole-body Water Contentmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Although whole-body water was only partially restored in these C flies, hemolymph volume was fully replenished. In many insect species, hemolymph Na + is wellregulated during desiccation (Hadley, 1994); and in those that rehydrate only on water, hemolymph Na + concentration may be reduced relative to non-desiccated flies (Tucker, 1977;Nicolson, 1980;Naidu and Hattingh, 1988;Naidu, 2001a) or restored to original concentrations (Naidu, 2001b). It remains unclear which strategy is employed by these fruit fly populations.…”

Section: Restoration Of Sodium Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of recovery from desiccation stress in laboratory-selected populations ofDrosophila melanogaster

Folk

Bradley

2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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We examined the capacity for physiological recovery from the effects of desiccation in five replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster that have been selected for enhanced desiccation resistance (D populations) and in five replicate control populations (C populations). The capacity to recover was signified by the ability to restore three somatic components, namely whole-body water, dry mass and sodium content, all of which are reduced during desiccation. Throughout a period of recovery following a bout of desiccation, the flies were offered one of three fluids: distilled water, saline solution, or saline+sucrose solution. Our findings indicate that, when allowed to recover on saline+sucrose solution, D populations have the capacity to restore water at a greater rate than C populations and are able to fully restore dry mass and sodium content to the levels observed in non-desiccated, hydrated D flies. When provided with this same solution during recovery, C flies are unable to restore dry mass and are faced with an elevated sodium load. Desiccation resistance of the flies subsequent to recovery was also examined. We provide evidence that the greatest desiccation resistance in the D populations is associated with the restoration of all three somatic components, suggesting that not only water content, but also dry mass and sodium, may contribute to the enhanced desiccation resistance that has evolved in these populations.

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“…Despite high concentrations of amino acids and sugars being found in the haemolymph of insects (Mullins, 1985), the literature does not abound with information on the contribution of these organic constituents to haemolymph osmotic pressure (OP) and to osmoregulation. The contribution of amino acids in the regulation of haemolymph OP during dehydration and rehydration has been examined in the Negev desert tenebrionid beetle Trachyderma philistina (Broza et al, 1976), in Onymacris marginipennis larvae (Coutchie & Crowe, 1979), in the desert meloid beetle Cysteodemus armatus (Cohen et al, 1986), and in the Namib desert tenebrionid beetles Stips stali, Onymacris rugatipennis and Stenocara gracilipes (Naidu, 1998(Naidu, , 2001a. Sugar contributions as osmolar effectors, and to osmoregulation, have been examined in O. marginipennis larvae (Coutchie & Crowe, 1979), and in S. stali, O. rugatipennis and S. gracilipes (Naidu, 1998(Naidu, , 2001a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The contribution of amino acids in the regulation of haemolymph OP during dehydration and rehydration has been examined in the Negev desert tenebrionid beetle Trachyderma philistina (Broza et al, 1976), in Onymacris marginipennis larvae (Coutchie & Crowe, 1979), in the desert meloid beetle Cysteodemus armatus (Cohen et al, 1986), and in the Namib desert tenebrionid beetles Stips stali, Onymacris rugatipennis and Stenocara gracilipes (Naidu, 1998(Naidu, , 2001a. Sugar contributions as osmolar effectors, and to osmoregulation, have been examined in O. marginipennis larvae (Coutchie & Crowe, 1979), and in S. stali, O. rugatipennis and S. gracilipes (Naidu, 1998(Naidu, , 2001a. Furthermore, while a number of studies have suggested an osmolar effector role for glycerol (Asahina et al, 1954;Marek, 1979), glycerol levels in the haemolymph have been found to contribute significantly to haemolymph OP and to osmoregulation only in the strictly nocturnal Namib tenebrionid beetle S. stali (Naidu, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemolymph amino acid, sugar and glycerol levels in the Namib Desert tenebrionid Physadesmia globosa (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) during dehydration and rehydration

Naidu¹

2006

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Osmoregulation in Onymacris rugatipennis, a free-ranging tenebrionid beetle from the Namib Desert

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Comparative water relations of four species of scorpions in Israel:evidence for phylogenetic differences

Comparative water relations of four species of scorpions in Israel:evidence for phylogenetic differences

The evolution of recovery from desiccation stress in laboratory-selected populations ofDrosophila melanogaster

Haemolymph amino acid, sugar and glycerol levels in the Namib Desert tenebrionid Physadesmia globosa (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) during dehydration and rehydration

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