Osmolality and Other Chemical Determinations in Postmortem Human Vitreous Humor

Sturner, William Q.; Dowdey, A. B. C.; Putnam, R. S.; Dempsey, J. L.

doi:10.1520/jfs173720387

Cited by 35 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Hence we considered this equation more appropriate than the one proposed by the same authors that also included cases with high vitreous urea levels. However, application of several different proposed equations [2,19,20] produced similar time scales, supporting the notion that the glucose drop stops at about 24 h after death. It might be argued that the true postmortem interval should be used as a reference for the vitreous results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Postmortem identification of hyperglycemia

Zilg

Alkass

Berg

et al. 2009

Forensic Science International

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Postmortem identification of hyperglycemia

Zilg

Alkass

Berg

et al. 2009

Forensic Science International

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“…Diluting 0.05 mL of the drug into 4 mL of vitreous represents 80 times dilution so 1000 mOsm/kg solution will be diluted after injection in the vitreous (original 300 mOsm/kg to a calculated final osmolarity of 312 mOsm/kg or a 4% increase; ie, within the physiological range) and does not affect the retina. 11 12 Ziv-aflibercept needs to be injected into the mid-vitreous cavity and away from the lens as a precautionary measure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ziv-aflibercept in macular disease

et al. 2015

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Background/aimsAflibercept is an approved therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic macular oedema (DME). In vitro and in vivo studies did not detect toxicity to the retinal pigment epithelium cells using the approved cancer protein, ziv-aflibercept. Our purpose is to determine if ziv-aflibercept can be used in AMD and DME without ocular toxicity, to test the stability of ziv-aflibercept, and to do a cost analysis.MethodsProspectively, consecutive patients with AMD or DME and poor vision underwent one intravitreal injection of 0.05 mL of fresh filtered ziv-aflibercept (1.25 mg). Monitoring of best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular inflammation, cataract progression, and retinal structure by spectral domain optical coherence tomography was done at 1 day and 1 week after injection. Ziv-aflibercept activity over 4 weeks was measured by capturing vascular endothelial growth factor by ELISA.ResultsThere were no signs of retinal toxicity, intraocular inflammation or change in lens status in four eyes with AMD and two eyes with DME. Visual acuity improved (p=0.05) and central foveal thickness decreased in all patients (p=0.05). Ziv-aflibercept had no loss of anti-VEGF activity when kept at 4°C in polycarbonate syringes over 4 weeks. Similar to bevacizumab, compounded ziv-aflibercept would yield a tremendous saving compared with aflibercept or ranibizumab.ConclusionsOff-label use of ziv-aflibercept improves visual acuity without ocular toxicity and may offer a cheaper alternative to the same molecule aflibercept.Trial registration numberNCT02173873.

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“…• the ambient temperature [22,40,44,56,57] • the duration of the terminal episode [6,43] • renal failure with increased extracellular potassium levels, reflected by elevated urea concentration [43] • alcohol level at the time of death [43,58] • sampling method and instrumentation used for analysis [50,59,60] One of the aims of this thesis was to investigate factors that influence the postmortem increase in vitreous potassium concentration and to improve the estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI) by means of the vitreous potassium concentration.…”

Section: Potassium and The Estimation Of The Postmortem Intervalmentioning

confidence: 99%