Osmium isotope evidence for a large Late Triassic impact event

Sato, Honami; Onoue, Tetsuji; Nozaki, Tatsuo; Suzuki, Katsuhiko

doi:10.1038/ncomms3455

Cited by 54 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…The mineralogical and geochemical characterization of the peak-ring rocks will provide key information on target rock composition (Koeberl et al, 2012). We will also search for an extraterrestrial signature using platinum group element (PGE) analyses and Os and Cr isotopes (Gelinas et al, 2004;Tagle and Hecht, 2006;Trinquier et al, 2006;Goderis et al, 2012;Sato et al, 2013 to determine whether a measurable fraction of the projectile remains at the impact site or whether most projectile material ends up within the global K-Pg layer (Artemieva and Morgan, 2009). High-resolution 40 Ar/ 39 Ar analyses and electron microscopy on shocked and melted impactites, as well as U/Pb dating of zircon and other geo-and thermochronometers, will be used to study their pressure-temperature-time and deformational history and for highprecision dating of the Chicxulub impact.…”

Section: Eocene and Paleocene Hyperthermals And The Petm Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volume 364: Chicxulub: Drilling the K-Pg Impact Crater

Morgan¹,

Gulick²,

Mellett³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program

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The Chicxulub impact crater, on the Yucatán Peninsula of Méx-ico, is unique. It is the only known terrestrial impact structure that has been directly linked to a mass extinction event and the only terrestrial impact with a global ejecta layer. Of the three largest impact structures on Earth, Chicxulub is the best preserved. Chicxulub is also the only known terrestrial impact structure with an intact, unequivocal topographic peak ring. Chicxulub's role in the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction and its exceptional state of preservation make it an important natural laboratory for the study of both large impact crater formation on Earth and other planets and the effects of large impacts on the Earth's environment and ecology. Our understanding of the impact process is far from complete, and despite more than 30 years of intense debate, we are still striving to answer the question as to why this impact was so catastrophic.During International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) and International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) Expedition 364, Paleogene sedimentary rocks and lithologies that make up the Chicxulub peak ring were cored to investigate (1) the nature and formational mechanism of peak rings, (2) how rocks are weakened during large impacts, (3) the nature and extent of post-impact hydrothermal circulation, (4) the deep biosphere and habitability of the peak ring, and (5) the recovery of life in a sterile zone. Other key targets included sampling the transition through a rare midlatitude Paleogene sedimentary succession that might include Eocene and Paleocene hyperthermals and/or the Paleocene/Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM); the composition and character of suevite, impact melt rock, and basement rocks in the peak ring; the sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Paleocene-Eocene Chicxulub impact basin infill; the geo-and thermochronology of the rocks forming the peak ring; and any observations from the core that may help constrain the volume of dust and climatically active gases released into the stratosphere by this impact. Petrophysical properties measurements on the core and wireline logs acquired during Expedition 364 will be used to calibrate geophysical models, including seismic reflection and potential field data, and the integration of all the data will calibrate models for impact crater formation and environmental effects. The drilling directly contributes to IODP Science Plan goals:Climate and Ocean Change: How does Earth's climate system respond to elevated levels of atmospheric CO 2 ? How resilient is the ocean to chemical perturbations? The Chicxulub impact represents an external forcing event that caused a 75% species level mass extinction. The impact basin may also record key hyperthermals within the Paleogene.Biosphere Frontiers: What are the origin, composition, and global significance of subseafloor communities? What are the limits of life in the subseafloor? How sensitive are ecosystems and biodiversity to environmental change? Impact craters can create habitats fo...

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Section: Eocene and Paleocene Hyperthermals And The Petm Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volume 364: Chicxulub: Drilling the K-Pg Impact Crater

Morgan¹,

Gulick²,

Mellett³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program

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“…Spin-off results from the studies on accreted deep-sea chert in Japan include the documentation of the Toarcian (late Early Jurassic) anoxic chert (Hori 1997), the detection of Milankovitch cyclicity Ikeda et al 2010), and the identification of concentrated PGEs (platinum group elements) in the Manicouaganrelated mid-Norian (Triassic) horizon (Sato et al 2013), which suggests an episode of extraterrestrial impacts and relevant events.…”

Section: Permo-triassic Boundary Superanoxia and Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memories of Pre-Jurassic Lost Oceans: How To Retrieve Them From Extant Lands

Isozaki

2014

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The information reflected in mid-oceanic sedimentary deposits provides critical constraints for reconstructing past global environmental changes. Available data from extant oceans, however, are limited to the Early Jurassic and younger ages, because older oceanic plates have been subducted. This article explains methods for obtaining information on pre-Jurassic mid-oceanic conditions by conducting fieldwork on older orogenic belts exposed on land. The key point is the identification of ancient accretionary complexes (AC), not along currently active margins but within older orogenic belts in continental domains, particularly by recognizing ocean plate stratigraphy (OPS) that contains mid-oceanic strata, as demonstrated by studies of on-land exposed ancient AC in Japan and elsewhere. In this paper, six examples of retrieved mid-oceanic sedimentary data are introduced, in which significant records on the following unique events in the pre-Jurassic world are archived: 1) the extinction-related Paleozoic–Mesozoic boundary superanoxia (based on data from the Jurassic AC in SW Japan); 2) the Permian Kamura cooling event in the mid-Panthalassa (ditto); 3) the Neoproterozoic snowball Earth evidence from the mid-Iapetus Ocean (based on data from the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian AC in Wales, UK); 4) the discovery of enigmatic Ediacaran (Neoproterozoic) microfossils from a mid-oceanic atoll complex (based on data from the Cambrian AC in southern Siberia, Russia); and 5) and 6) Early Archean (3.8 and 3.5 Ga) biogenic signatures in mid-oceanic deep-sea environments (based on data from the Eoarchean AC at Isua in Greenland, and the Paleoarchean one in Pilbara, Western Australia). These results demonstrate the great utility of OPS analysis for understanding pre-Jurassic lost oceans, including the early biological and environmental evolution of the globe. SOMMAIRELes informations enregistrées dans les dépôts sédimentaires médio-océaniques constituent des contraintes logiques qui permettent de reconstituer les changements environnementaux globaux. Cela dit, l’information sur de grands pans de fonds océaniques est limitée aux fonds océaniques Jurassiques précoces et plus jeunes, parce que les fonds océaniques plus anciens ont été subduits. Le présent article explique des méthodes permettant d’obtenir de l’information sur les milieux médio-océaniques pré-jurassiques par des levés de terrain sur des ceintures orogéniques affleurant sur terre. L’idée centrale consiste à circonscrire d’anciens complexes d’accrétion (AC), hors des marges actives actuelles, soit dans les ceintures orogéniques plus anciennes au sein des domaines continentaux, en y repérant des contextes stratigraphiques de plaques océaniques (OPS) qui renferment des strates médio-océaniques, comme ça a été fait lors études d’AC affleurant au Japon et ailleurs. Le présent document décrit six exemples de contextes stratigraphiques de plaques océaniques où on trouve des indices importants des événements pré-jurassiques uniques suivants : 1) l’extinction liée à la super-anoxie de la limite Paléozoïque-Mésozoïque (à partir des données d’un AC jurassique dans le sud-ouest du Japon); 2) l’épisode de refroidissement permien de Kamura du Panthalassa moyen; 3) l’épisode néoprotérozoïque de « Terre boule de neige » conservé par l’océan mi-japétien (selon les données de l’AC néoprotérozoïque-cambrien dans les Wales au Royaume-Uni); 4) la découverte de microfossiles édiacariens (Néoprotérozoïque) d’un complexe d’atolls médio-océaniques (selon les données d’un AC cambrien du sud-est sibérien, Russie); et 5 et 6) des signatures biogéniques de milieux médio-océaniques profonds de l’Archéen précoce (3,8 et 3,5 Ga) (selon les données d’un AC éoarchéen à Isua au Groenland, et d’un AC paléoarchéen à Pilbara, Australie). Ces résultats montrent la grande utilité de l'analyse de la stratigraphie des plaques océaniques pour comprendre les océans pré-Jurassique, de même que l'évolution des débuts de la vie et des milieux de vie sur Terre.

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“…The conodont zone (CZ) and radiolarian zone (RZ) are from Orchard (1991) and Sugiyama (1997), respectively. Walker et al, 2002Os Morgan et al, 1995Shen et al, 1996;Smoliar et al, 1996Sato et al 2013Os Os 22-100% Alvarez et al, 1980Vickery and Melosh, 1990;Paquay et al, 2008 3.3-7.8 and Melosh, 1999and Melosh, , 2000 Manicouagan…”

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confidence: 99%

“…SiO 2 80% Sugisaki et al, 1982;Hori et al, 1993Hori et al, , 2007, 2000;Takiguchi et al, 2006 6 1 2 3 4 -5 6 Brown et al, 1994;Plank and Langmuir, 1998; , 2000 1 1 SiO 2 , 2000 1 5 , P/T T/J , Isozaki, 1997b;Kato et al, 2002;Takiguchi et al, 2006, Hori et al, 2007Kuroda et al, 2010;Wignall et al, 2010Wignall et al, 総説 6 1990Wignall et al, , 1989Iwahashi, 1991;Iwahashi et al, 1991;Hori et al, 1993;Miono et al, 1993 16000 9100 Yada et al, 2004 1 m 2 0.05 mg mm Matsuda and Isozaki, 1991;Isozaki, 1997aIsozaki, , 2010Onoue et al, 2012;Sato et al, 20131 Grün et al, 1985Brownlee et al, 1997;Kortenkamp and Dermott, 1998Farley et al, 1998Schmitz et al, 2003 3 Fig . 1 1 mm 2700 1400 16000 9100 Maurette et al, 1987;Taylor et al, 1998;Yada et al, 2004 8000…”

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confidence: 99%

“…cosmic spinel Kyte and Smit, 1986;Margolis et al, 1991;Byerly and Lowe, 1994;Kyte and Bohor, 1995;Krull-Davatzes et al, 2010 Kyte andBohor, 1995;Gayraud et al, 1996Ebel and Grossman, 2005Robin et al, 1992, 1993Gayraud et al, 1996Gayraud et al, 2010 5 cm and K/Pg Montanari et al, 1983Smit, 1999;Glass et al, 2004;Liu et al, 2009 microtektite microcrystallite Glass and Burns, 1988;Glass et al, 2004;French andKoeberl, 2010 Jones andKodis, 1982;Melosh, 1989;Alvarez, 1996 Ni , Fig. 7 Sato et al, 2013) in bedded cherts and claystones from the Sakahogi section. Black and white dots in the Os isotope profile represent agecorrected Os ratios ( 187 Os/ 188 Os i ; i = 215 Ma) and measured ratios, respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Accretion of extraterrestrial matter recorded in the Triassic and Jurassic bedded chert sequence, southwest Japan

Onoue

Sato

2015

Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan

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Triassic and Jurassic bedded chert sequences in Japanese accretionary complexes are recognized as pelagic deep-sea deposits characterized by very low sedimentation rates (less than a few millimeters per thousand years) and the absence of coarse-grained terrigenous clastics. Owing to their low sedimentation rates and long-term continuous deposition, these bedded cherts may record the accretionary history of extraterrestrial material over geologic time. Here, we review studies of extraterrestrial material contained in bedded chert sequences from the Jurassic accretionary complexes, southwest Japan. Cosmic spherules, which are submillimeter-sized extraterrestrial particles that melt during atmospheric entry, have been found in Triassic and Jurassic bedded cherts from the MinoTanba and Chichibu belts. Two major spherule types have been identified, based mainly on their mineral and chemical compositions: iron-type and silicate-type. The extraterrestrial origin is indicated by the presence of metallic iron and nickel in the iron-type spherules, and by the chondritic composition and mineral assemblages of the silicate-type spherules, which contain olivine and low-Ca pyroxene. The detection of platinum group elements (PGE) and data on osmium (Os) isotope ratios ( Os/ Os) in the cherts provide evidence for crater-forming meteorite impact events. Anomalously high PGE concentrations and negative Os isotope-ratio excursions reported from Upper Triassic bedded cherts are also interpreted to indicate a large extraterrestrial impact event. Systematic studies of ancient cosmic spherules and extraterrestrial PGE signatures in bedded cherts could provide evidence for long-term changes in the composition and flux of incoming extraterrestrial matter.

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Osmium isotope evidence for a large Late Triassic impact event

Cited by 54 publications

References 51 publications

Volume 364: Chicxulub: Drilling the K-Pg Impact Crater

Volume 364: Chicxulub: Drilling the K-Pg Impact Crater

Memories of Pre-Jurassic Lost Oceans: How To Retrieve Them From Extant Lands

Accretion of extraterrestrial matter recorded in the Triassic and Jurassic bedded chert sequence, southwest Japan

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