OsLBD37 and OsLBD38, two class II type LBD proteins, are involved in the regulation of heading date by controlling the expression of Ehd1 in rice

Phylogeny and Functions of LOB Domain Proteins in Plants

“…LBD proteins were originally thought to play key roles in lateral organ development in plants (systematically reviewed in [3], and partly summarized for root development in [8][9][10][11] and leaf 2 of 23 development in [12]), based on which the gene names were determined. However, subsequent progresses in functional studies proved that LBD proteins not only serve as essential transcription factors to regulate plant organ development, but also play important roles in versatile functions during plant growth and development (systematically reviewed in [13] and partly summarized for plant defense in [14]), such as photomorphogenesis [15], pulvinus identity and petiole development [16][17][18], pathogen resistance [19][20][21], hormone response [9,22,23], metabolism regulation [24,25], and heading date [26]. Though the functional significance of LBD proteins has been well summarized in several reviews according to the biological roles in plant development and defense response processes (e.g., root development, leaf development, and plant defense), such diverse functions are still confusing and make it difficult to grasp the regulatory role of this plant-specific gene family encoding transcription factors.…”

“…LBD genes were identified from many genome-available plant species, including Arabidopsis [2], rice [36], poplar [37], tomato [27], Malus domestica (apple) [28], Medicago truncatula [29], maize [30], grape [31], mulberry [32], barley [33], Camellia sinensis [34] and Eucalyptus grandis [35], with gene family sizes ranging from 24 to 58 genes. Recently, several studies focused on LBD protein identification and their novel roles are reported [26,[50][51][52][53]. However, a large number of LBD proteins are still unexplored.…”

“…Arabidopsis was a model for the most in-depth studies on the function of the LBD gene family (25 LBD genes in Table 2). Besides, functions of some LBD proteins from other plant species were also investigated, including 10 in rice [3,13,26,[53][54][55], four in maize [5,41,56,57], three in L. japonicus [16,46], two each in M.truncatula [16,58] and E. grandis [35], one in each of the five species (wheat [1], H. vulgare [50], citrus [20], pea [16] and apple [28]) ( Table 2). In the next section, we summarize and discuss the major reports on the identification and characterization of LBD proteins in Arabidopsis and other plant species according to the reconstructed phylogenetic relationships.…”

“…In rice, the metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis on OsLBD37 overexpressing plants revealed that OsLBD37 is also associated with nitrogen metabolism [25]. OsLBD37 and OsLBD38, two homologs of Arabidopsis AtLBD37, serve as negative regulators of rice heading date [26]. Overexpression of OsLBD37 and OsLBD38 delayed heading date and increased yield via downregulating the florigen genes Hd3a and RFT1 and the key regulator of heading date Ehd1 [26].…”

Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Two Pinellia ternata Varieties T2 line and T2Plus line

“…BR-mediated gene expression was promoted and drought responsive genes were inhibited by WRKY transcription factor families (WRKY46, WRKY54, and WRKY70) in Arabidopsis thaliana 44 . LBD transcription factor (lateral organ boundaries domain), a specific transcription factor 45 , play a key role in multiple processes of plant growth, development and metabolism in Oryza sativa L 46 , Arabidopsis thaliana 47,48 , Vitis vinifera 49 , Citrus 10 , Sugar beet 50,51 . HD-Zip transcription factor is composed of homeodomain (HD) and leucine zipper (LZ) and plays an important role in multiple aspects in Arabidopsis thaliana, such as development of leaf 52 , response to abiotic stress 53 and regulation of seed development 54 .…”