oskar mRNA is localized to the posterior pole of the Drosophila oocyte

Kim-Ha, Jeongsil; Smith, Jeffrey L.; Macdonald, Paul M.

doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90136-m

Cited by 546 publications

(457 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It was possible, however, that mutations in the gene were affecting RNA localization by disrupting the microtubule architecture that is a common component of the localization mechanisms of these RNAs (Koch and Spitzer 1983;Stephenson 1991, 1995;Theurkauf et al 1993;for review, see Theurkauf 1994a). In addition, the diffuse osk mRNA pattern that we observed in hls egg chambers has been described in mutants affecting microtubule organization (Ephrussi et al 1991;Kim-Ha et al 1991;Ruohola et al 1991;Clark et al 1994;GonzalezReyes and St. Johnston 1994;Lane and Kalderon 1994;Theurkauf 1994b;Ganzalez-Reyes et al 1995;Roth et al 1995). Hence, we examined the localization of a Kinesin heavy chain:@-Galactosidase (Kin:P-Gal] fusion protein (Clark et al 1994) in a h1s3987 background to analyze one aspect of microtubule structure and function.…”

Section: Microtubule Structure Is Disrupted In Hls Egg Chambersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Homeless is required for RNA localization in Drosophila oogenesis and encodes a new member of the DE-H family of RNA-dependent ATPases.

Gillespie¹,

Berg²

1995

Genes Dev.

154

151

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The homeless (hls) gene of Drosophila is required for anteroposterior and dorsoventral axis formation during oogenesis. At a low frequency, females homozygous for mutations in hls generate early egg chambers in which the oocyte is positioned incorrectly within the cyst. At a high frequency, late-stage egg chambers exhibit a ventralized chorion. Sequence analysis of the hls cDNA predicts a protein with amino-terminal homology to members of the DE-H family of RNA-dependent ATPases and putative helicases. Similarity of 51% in the amino-terminal third of the protein was found to two yeast splicing factors, PRP2 and PRP16, and to Drosophila Maleless, which is required for dosage compensation. To analyze Hls function, RNA localization patterns were determined for seven different transcripts in hls mutant ovaries. Previtellogenic transport to the oocyte was unaffected for all transcripts examined. Transport and localization of bicoid and oskm messages during vitellogenic stages were strongly disrupted, and the distribution and/or quantity of gurken, orb, and fs(3)KIO mRNAs were also affected, but to a lesser degree. In contrast, hu-li tai shao and Biicaudul-D transcripts were transported and localized normally in hls mutants. In addition, Kinesin heavy chain:p-Galactosidase fusion protein failed to localize correctly to the posterior of the oocyte in vitellogenic egg chambers. Examination of the microtubule structure with anti-a-Tubulin antibodies revealed aberrant microtubule organizing center movement and an abnormally dense cytoplasmic microtubule meshwork. We discuss potential roles for Hls in organizing a cytoskeletal framework essential for localizing specific RNAs.

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Section: Microtubule Structure Is Disrupted In Hls Egg Chambersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To quantify mislocalization in previtellogenic egg chambers, we identified the oocyte by detecting the presence of osk transcripts, which are produced in the nurse cells and then transported to the oocyte early in oogenesis ( Fig. 1C; Ephrussi et al 1991;Kim-Ha et al 1991).…”

Section: Isolation Of Hls Mutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homeless is required for RNA localization in Drosophila oogenesis and encodes a new member of the DE-H family of RNA-dependent ATPases.

Gillespie¹,

Berg²

1995

Genes Dev.

154

151

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“…Transport of nurse cell-derived RNAs into the oocyte has been noted for several genes important in the development of the oocyte (e.g., BicD [Suter et al, 1989], osk [Ephrussi et al, 1991;Kim-Ha et al, 1991]; fs(1)K10 [Cheung et al, 1992], CycB [Dalby and Glover, 1992], and orb [Lantz et al, 1992]). Transport of yl RNA into the oocyte is also suggested by examination of yl RNA distribution in egl and BicD mutants.…”

Section: Yolkless Rna Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of the Vitellogenin Receptor duringDrosophila melanogasterOogenesis

Schonbaum

Perrino

Mahowald

2000

MBoC

104

115

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In many insects, development of the oocyte arrests temporarily just before vitellogenesis, the period when vitellogenins (yolk proteins) accumulate in the oocyte. Following hormonal and environmental cues, development of the oocyte resumes, and endocytosis of vitellogenins begins. An essential component of yolk uptake is the vitellogenin receptor. In this report, we describe the ovarian expression pattern and subcellular localization of the mRNA and protein encoded by the Drosophila melanogaster vitellogenin receptor gene yolkless (yl). yl RNA and protein are both expressed very early during the development of the oocyte, long before vitellogenesis begins. RNA in situ hybridization and lacZ reporter analyses show that yl RNA is synthesized by the germ line nurse cells and then transported to the oocyte. Yl protein is evenly distributed throughout the oocyte during the previtellogenic stages of oogenesis, demonstrating that the failure to take up yolk in these early stage oocyte is not due to the absence of the receptor. The transition to the vitellogenic stages is marked by the accumulation of yolk via clathrin-coated vesicles. After this transition, yolk protein receptor levels increase markedly at the cortex of the egg. Consistent with its role in yolk uptake, immunogold labeling of the receptor reveals Yl in endocytic structures at the cortex of wild-type vitellogenic oocytes. In addition, shortly after the inception of yolk uptake, we find multivesicular bodies where the yolk and receptor are distinctly partitioned. By the end of vitellogenesis, the receptor localizes predominantly to the cortex of the oocyte. However, during oogenesis in yl mutants that express full-length protein yet fail to incorporate yolk proteins, the receptor remains evenly distributed throughout the oocyte. INTRODUCTIONThe magnitude of yolk uptake into the oocyte during vitellogenesis suggests a heavy involvement of the endocytic machinery; indeed, the clathrin-coated vesicle was originally described in the vitellogenic mosquito oocyte (Roth and Porter, 1964). Because the morphological features are so striking, descriptions of vitellogenesis have been made in a broad range of oviparous species, including birds (Perry and Gilbert, 1979;Perry et al., 1984), frogs (Opresko and Wiley, 1987;Wall and Patel, 1987), fish (reviewed by Wallace andSelman, 1990), and insects (Cummings andMahowald, 1972; Giorgi and Jacob, 1977a,b;Raikhel, 1984;van Antwerpen et al., 1993) (reviewed by Raikhel and Dhadialla, 1992). In several cases, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies using labeled yolk protein precursors or fluid phase markers have followed the fate of the proteins as they are sorted to the yolk platelets (Giorgi and Jacob, 1977a;Raikhel, 1984;Busson et al., 1989). The initial steps in the yolk uptake pathway are similar to those described for general receptor-mediated endocytosis (Goldstein et al., 1985;Mukherjee et al., 1997). Vitellogenins (Vgs) are taken up through clathrin-coated pits, and they accumulate initially in vesiculotubul...

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“…The larval anterior is established during oogenesis through localization of the bicoid mRNA to the anterior end of the oocyte (Berleth et al 1988;Driever and Niisslein-Volhard 1988a,b). Formation of the abdomen and pole cells requires localization of a large number of molecular determinants to the posterior pole of the developing oocyte (vasa protein, Hay et al 1988;Lasko and Ashburner 1990;oskar mRNA and protein, Ephrusso et al 1991;Kim-Ha et al 1991;Smith et al 1992; staufen protein, St. Johnston et al 1991; tudor protein, Bardsley et al 1993, nanos mRNA and protein, Wang and Lehmann 199 1 ; Ephrussi and Lehmann 1992j 'Corresponding author.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The posterior group phenotype results from the lack of localization of components of the polar granules to the posterior pole. In fact, capu and spir are the most upstream genes known to be required for localization of molecular determinants to the posterior pole, being required for proper localization of all components of the polar granules (Manseau and Schiipbach 1989b;Lasko and Ashburner 1990; Ephrussi et al 199 1;Kim-Ha et al 1991St. Johnston et al 1991Wang and Lehmann 1991;Bardsley et al 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cappuccino, a Drosophila maternal effect gene required for polarity of the egg and embryo, is related to the vertebrate limb deformity locus.

Emmons¹,

Phan²,

Calley³

et al. 1995

Genes Dev.

158

131

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ca puccino, a Droso hila maternal P ef ect gene required P or polarity of the egg and embryo, is related to the vertebrate limb deformity locus Steven Emmons, Huy Phan, John Calley, Wenliang Chen, Brian James, and Lynn ~anseau' Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 USA We report the molecular isolation of cappuccino (capu), a gene required for localization of molecular determinants within the developing Drosophila oocyte. The carboxy-terminal half of the capu protein is closely related to that of the vertebrate limb defo-ty locus, which is known to function in polarity determination in the developing vertebrate limb. In addition, capu shares both a proline-rich region and a 70-amino-acid domain with a number of other genes, two of which also function in pattern formation, the Saccharomyes cerevisiae BNIl gene and the Aspergillus FigA gene. We also show that capu mutant oocytes have abnormal microtubule distributions and premature microtubule-based cytoplasmic streaming within the oocyte, but that neither the speed nor the timing of the cytoplasmic streaming correlates with the strength of the mutant allele. This suggests that the premature cytoplasmic streaming in capu mutant oocytes does not suffice to explain the patterning defects. By inducing cytoplasmic streaming in wild-type oocytes during mid-oogenesis, we show that premature cytoplasmic streaming can displace staufen protein from the posterior pole, but not gurken mRNA from around the oocyte nucleus.[Key Words: Drosophila; cappuccino; pattern formation; cytoplasmic streaming; maternal effect; oogenesis; f ormins] Received July 5, 1995; revised version accepted August 25, 1995. The developing Drosophila oocyte is an excellent model system for studying the establishment of polarity within a single cell because the embryonic anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral axes are initially organized within the oocyte. Anterior-posterior axis formation of the larva involves three pathways within the oocyte: one that establishes the anterior end, one at the posterior end to establish the abdomen and pole cells, and one at both termini of the oocyte to establish the ends (for reviews, see Manseau andSchupbach 1989a andNusslein-Volhard et al. 1987). The larval anterior is established during oogenesis through localization of the bicoid mRNA to the anterior end of the oocyte (Berleth et al. 1988; Driever and Niisslein-Volhard 1988a,b). Formation of the abdomen and pole cells requires localization of a large number of molecular determinants to the posterior pole of the developing oocyte (vasa protein, Hay et al. 1988;Lasko and Ashburner 1990; oskar mRNA and protein, Ephrusso et al. 1991;Kim-Ha et al. 1991;Smith et al. 1992; staufen protein, St. Johnston et al. 1991; tudor protein, Bardsley et al. 1993, nanos mRNA and protein, Wang and Lehmann 199 1 ; Ephrussi and Lehmann 1992j 'Corresponding author. Smith et al. 1992; germ cell-less mRNA, Jongens et al. 1994). The termini of the larva are marked during oogenesis b...

show abstract

oskar mRNA is localized to the posterior pole of the Drosophila oocyte

Cited by 546 publications

References 34 publications

Homeless is required for RNA localization in Drosophila oogenesis and encodes a new member of the DE-H family of RNA-dependent ATPases.

Homeless is required for RNA localization in Drosophila oogenesis and encodes a new member of the DE-H family of RNA-dependent ATPases.

Regulation of the Vitellogenin Receptor duringDrosophila melanogasterOogenesis

Cappuccino, a Drosophila maternal effect gene required for polarity of the egg and embryo, is related to the vertebrate limb deformity locus.

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