Oscillatory network markers of subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation for depression

Immediate and long-term electrophysiological biomarkers of antidepressant-like behavioral effects after subanesthetic ketamine and medial prefrontal cortex deep brain stimulation treatment

“…Therefore, our findings hint that immediate and long-term modulation of glutamatergic and GABAergic neuron interplay may have driven long-term improvements in cognition that then related to remission-like performance in the GT. The translatability of this finding is supported by work in humans showing that mPFC DBS increases gamma activity ( Scherer et al, 2023 ) and improves long-term measures of memory ( Runia et al, 2023 ). Again, we must be cautious in overinterpreting these correlations, more work will need to be done to demonstrate causal links, if any.…”

“…These correlations indicate these measures may serve as biomarkers for the long-term treatment efficacy after DBS, and when considering their neural origins and interrelationships, they may also hint at its mechanism of action. mPFC low gamma activity has previously been shown to increase to healthy levels after mPFC DBS in rodents ( Jia et al, 2019 ) and humans ( Scherer et al, 2023 ), and has been implicated in the cognitive functions of the mPFC, including memory in rodents ( Zhang et al, 2019 ) and humans ( Senkowski and Gallinat, 2015 ). Indeed, in the present study, improvements in object recognition memory in the NORT correlated with the immediate post-treatment increase in low gamma peak width.…”