OSCILLATOR: A system for analysis of diurnal leaf growth using infrared photography combined with wavelet transformation

Bours, Ralph; Muthuraman, M.; Bouwmeester, Harro J.; Krol, Alexander R. van der

doi:10.1186/1746-4811-8-29

Cited by 34 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Live measurements of leaf growth and/or leaf movements have been reported before (Wiese et al, 2007;Walter et al, 2009;Bours et al, 2012); our method is unique in that it simultaneously but separately reports on both growth and movements (Figure 3; Supplemental Figure 2). By imaging at sufficient frequency (every 10 min rather than hourly), we reduce the number of plants that we can simultaneously analyze, but this enables us to characterize circumnutations (Supplemental Figure 2C).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentially Phased Leaf Growth and Movements in Arabidopsis Depend on Coordinated Circadian and Light Regulation

et al. 2014

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In contrast to vastly studied hypocotyl growth, little is known about diel regulation of leaf growth and its coordination with movements such as changes in leaf elevation angle (hyponasty). We developed a 3D live-leaf growth analysis system enabling simultaneous monitoring of growth and movements. Leaf growth is maximal several hours after dawn, requires light, and is regulated by daylength, suggesting coupling between growth and metabolism. We identify both blade and petiole positioning as important components of leaf movements in Arabidopsis thaliana and reveal a temporal delay between growth and movements. In hypocotyls, the combination of circadian expression of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4) and PIF5 and their light-regulated protein stability drives rhythmic hypocotyl elongation with peak growth at dawn. We find that PIF4 and PIF5 are not essential to sustain rhythmic leaf growth but influence their amplitude. Furthermore, EARLY FLOWERING3, a member of the evening complex (EC), is required to maintain the correct phase between growth and movement. Our study shows that the mechanisms underlying rhythmic hypocotyl and leaf growth differ. Moreover, we reveal the temporal relationship between leaf elongation and movements and demonstrate the importance of the EC for the coordination of these phenotypic traits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentially Phased Leaf Growth and Movements in Arabidopsis Depend on Coordinated Circadian and Light Regulation

et al. 2014

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“…Lines used in this research are pACS2::GUS/GFP (N31380), pACS4::GUS (N31381), pACS5::GUS (N31382), pACS6::GUS/GFP (N31383), pACS7::GUS/GFP (N31384), pACS8::GUS/GFP (N31385), pACS9::GUS/GFP (N31386), pACS11:: GUS/GFP (N31387), ein2-1 (N3071), eDR5::LUC , DII::VENUS (Brunoud et al, 2012), acs2 acs4 acs5 acs6 acs7 acs9 amiRacs8 amiRacs11 (Tsuchisaka et al, 2009), phyb-9 (Reed et al, 1993, pif3-7 (N66042), pif4-2 (N66043), pif5-3 (N66044), pif4-2 pif5-3 (Hornitschek et al, 2012), pif3-7 pif4-2 pif5-3 (N66048), PIF3ox (Shin et al, 2007), PIF4ox (Nozue et al, 2007), PIF5ox (Khanna et al, 2007), and pPIF3::GUS (Zhong et al, 2012). All seedlings were surface sterilized and stratified in the dark for 2 or 3 d (4°C) to synchronize germination, and then, they were exposed to treatment conditions for 7 d. All seedlings were grown on petri dishes (6-cm diameter) containing 10 mL of one-half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) (Bours et al, 2012). Plates were randomized to reduce positional effects.…”

Section: Plant Materials and Growing Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoperiodic Control of Hypocotyl Elongation Depends on Auxin-Induced Ethylene Signaling That Controls Downstream PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR3 Activity

et al. 2014

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We show that antiphase light-temperature cycles (negative day-night temperature difference [2DIF]) inhibit hypocotyl growth in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). This is caused by reduced cell elongation during the cold photoperiod. Cell elongation in the basal part of the hypocotyl under 2DIF was restored by both 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC; ethylene precursor) and auxin, indicating limited auxin and ethylene signaling under 2DIF. Both auxin biosynthesis and auxin signaling were reduced during 2DIF. In addition, expression of several ACC Synthase was reduced under 2DIF but could be restored by auxin application. In contrast, the reduced hypocotyl elongation of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling mutants could not be complemented by auxin, indicating that auxin functions upstream of ethylene. The PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs) PIF3, PIF4, and PIF5 were previously shown to be important regulators of hypocotyl elongation. We now show that, in contrast to pif4 and pif5 mutants, the reduced hypocotyl length in pif3 cannot be rescued by either ACC or auxin. In line with this, treatment with ethylene or auxin inhibitors reduced hypocotyl elongation in PIF4 overexpressor (PIF4ox) and PIF5ox but not PIF3ox plants. PIF3 promoter activity was strongly reduced under 2DIF but could be restored by auxin application in an ACC Synthase-dependent manner. Combined, these results show that PIF3 regulates hypocotyl length downstream, whereas PIF4 and PIF5 regulate hypocotyl length upstream of an auxin and ethylene cascade. We show that, under 2DIF, lower auxin biosynthesis activity limits the signaling in this pathway, resulting in low activity of PIF3 and short hypocotyls.

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“…To characterize the growth of Arabidopsis plants in response to antiphase light and temperature cycles (2DIF), we used the OSCILLATOR growth monitoring system, which enables accurate analysis of phase, amplitude, and period of growth-related leaf movements (Bours et al, 2012). Plants were pregrown under +DIF for 4 weeks, after which temperature cycles were either kept identical (control) or reversed to the opposite 2DIF regime.…”

Section: Leaf Movement and Elongation Growth Are Reduced During The Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant growth under control (+DIF) conditions was performed as described previously (Bours et al, 2012). All experiments were performed in automated climate-controlled Weiss (http://www.wkt.com) cabinets (12/12-h light/dark cycle).…”

Section: Plant Materials and Growth Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiphase Light and Temperature Cycles Affect PHYTOCHROME B-Controlled Ethylene Sensitivity and Biosynthesis, Limiting Leaf Movement and Growth of Arabidopsis

et al. 2013

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In the natural environment, days are generally warmer than the night, resulting in a positive day/night temperature difference (+DIF). Plants have adapted to these conditions, and when exposed to antiphase light and temperature cycles (cold photoperiod/ warm night [2DIF]), most species exhibit reduced elongation growth. To study the physiological mechanism of how light and temperature cycles affect plant growth, we used infrared imaging to dissect growth dynamics under +DIF and 2DIF in the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We found that 2DIF altered leaf growth patterns, decreasing the amplitude and delaying the phase of leaf movement. Ethylene application restored leaf growth in 2DIF conditions, and constitutive ethylene signaling mutants maintain robust leaf movement amplitudes under 2DIF, indicating that ethylene signaling becomes limiting under these conditions. In response to 2DIF, the phase of ethylene emission advanced 2 h, but total ethylene emission was not reduced. However, expression analysis on members of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase ethylene biosynthesis gene family showed that ACS2 activity is specifically suppressed in the petiole region under 2DIF conditions. Indeed, petioles of plants under 2DIF had reduced ACC content, and application of ACC to the petiole restored leaf growth patterns. Moreover, acs2 mutants displayed reduced leaf movement under +DIF, similar to wild-type plants under 2DIF. In addition, we demonstrate that the photoreceptor PHYTOCHROME B restricts ethylene biosynthesis and constrains the 2DIF-induced phase shift in rhythmic growth. Our findings provide a mechanistic insight into how fluctuating temperature cycles regulate plant growth.

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OSCILLATOR: A system for analysis of diurnal leaf growth using infrared photography combined with wavelet transformation

Cited by 34 publications

References 29 publications

Differentially Phased Leaf Growth and Movements in Arabidopsis Depend on Coordinated Circadian and Light Regulation

Differentially Phased Leaf Growth and Movements in Arabidopsis Depend on Coordinated Circadian and Light Regulation

Thermoperiodic Control of Hypocotyl Elongation Depends on Auxin-Induced Ethylene Signaling That Controls Downstream PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR3 Activity

Antiphase Light and Temperature Cycles Affect PHYTOCHROME B-Controlled Ethylene Sensitivity and Biosynthesis, Limiting Leaf Movement and Growth of Arabidopsis

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