Oscillation Dampers and Shock Absorbers in Railway Vehicles (Mathematical Models)

Abstract

The Monograph deals with the simulation of oscillation damping units -the shock absorbers and oscillation dampers. Various types of draft gears are considered including their structural features and mathematical models describing their operation. The test methods for oscillation dampers and draft gears are described together with the test results processing techniques.The book is issued for the scientists and designers researching and developing various shock absorbing units in railway vehicles. It may be useful for postgraduate, master degree and other students studying the structure and dynamics of the railways rolling stock and industrial transport. INTRODUCTIONThis monograph brings to the experts' notice the mathematical modeling of draft gears and shock absorbers. The mathematic description of these units functioning that can be used when studying the vehicles dynamics is connected with the specific features of their structure.Wedged friction draft gears with steel friction elements tend to lock if friction is not stabilized. Therefore, when modeling dynamic process in a train, it was typical to assume the gears compression forces subject to the identification of their qualitative and quantitative train dynamic process parameters, but not the forces that resulted directly from the specific features of their structure. In some publications [3,101,102], these parameters are called integral. The same publications showed that, actually, they were just some static characteristic of the gears. The experience of transitional train motion modes (standing start, braking, motion in vertical track alignment breaks, coupled cars collisions) dynamic processes simulation evidences the appropriateness of such characteristics utilization when determining the forces acting on the train vehicles.The design of Mark plate type spring friction draft gears described in Freight Car Draft Arrangements Manual, 2003 Wabtec Corporation, and (PMK) draft gears [103] include elements (special lubrication and metal-ceramic parts) that significantly increase the energy capacity and stabilizing functioning of these draft gears. The correlation of these elements geometry with the gears force characteristics in general is detailed in publication [103].The ideas of a friction draft gear mathematical simulation presented in Chapter 2 are used in Chapter 3 when building the flat and spatial car bogie friction shock absorber model. The fundamental correlation of vertical and transverse horizontal oscillation produced by friction forces is shown.When modeling hydraulic and pneumatic (Chapters 4-9) draft gears, shock absorbers and dampers, stationary and non-stationary thermodynamic processes in the respective environment are considered. The processes occurring in the real gas and in the systems with variable working body weight are analyzed. The difference in draft gears and shock absorbers modeling results arising due to real gas environment versus ideal gas environment is demonstrated. New, formally derived, approximating equation and calculat...

Ride quality of the high-speed electric train ekr-1 «tarpan» with air-spring suspension at the speed of 200 km/h

“…Из работ [4,5,6] становится понятно, что динамические качества вагона и комфортность пассажиров, а в частности плавность хода, имеют особое значение для высокоскоростных составов, предназначенных для перевозки пассажиров, и в большей части зависят от применяемой тележки и систем гашения колебаний.…”

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“…На сегодняшний день известно, что пленки и покрытия ВЭС могут быть получены методами магнетронного распыления [5,[7][8][9][10][11], катодно-дугового осаждения [12] и газотермического напыления [13,14] Известно, что стационарный режим испарения многокомпонентного сплава предусматривает для каждой компоненты баланс между количеством испаряемой и подаваемой компоненты в расплавленную ванну из слитка при постоянной скорости его подачи и описывается уравнением:…”

“…Увеличение осевой нагрузки до 29 т потребует создания новых автосцепов и тележек со статическим прогибом не менее 90 мм [ 12]. В целом, движение колесной пары грузового вагона описывается 19-тью степенями свободы, а сам грузовой вагон, если не упрощать механическую систему -98-мью [12,13].…”

Mechanical Systems With Air Spring Flexible Elements

“…A wide standard size series of rubber-cord air springs with a load capacity from 350 N to 230,103 Nwas developed and is being produced. Prospects for effective use of air springs as hydraulic inertial transducers of motion [1], vibration dampers and shock absorbers for rail vehicles [2] are being considered. The use of pneumatic couplings in machine drives solved the problem of limiting dynamic loads [3,7].…”