OSCAR: An Optimized Scheduling Cell Allocation Algorithm for Convergecast in IEEE 802.15.4e TSCH Networks

Mohamed, Osman; Nabki, Frédéric

doi:10.3390/s21072493

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…OSCAR [14] optimizes Orchestra for convergecast traffic by assigning additional cells to nodes closer to the network root. The approach is best-effort as the number of cells is fixed and does not consider traffic.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Critically, its open access allows for increased replicability of experimental results and comparison of results between different research efforts. FIT IoT-LAB was used to evaluate Orchestra and ALICE in [8], and OSCAR in [14], while Escalator was assessed using an ad-hoc testbed in [18]. A treatment of performance evaluation for low-power lossy networks, and available testbeds, may be found in [21].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Evaluation of the Layered Flow-Based Autonomous TSCH Scheduler

2023

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The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) requires wireless connectivity that meets the strict industrial requirements on metrics such as reliability and latency. Promising approaches include Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) media access, where nodes operate according to a schedule. Autonomously built schedules typically rely on shared resources, where reliability and latency may suffer depending on traffic scenarios and topologies. We have earlier proposed the Layered scheduler, which belongs to a new category of autonomous schedulers: Flow-based scheduling. Layered allocates resources to traffic flows, and as opposed to typical autonomous schedulers, dedicated resources are guaranteed to be scheduled at every hop from source to destination in a convergecast scenario. In addition, Layered minimizes the number of channels required through the novel employment of autonomous spatial reuse. We extend earlier theoretical analysis and simulations by evaluating Layered using the FIT IoT-LAB testbed and compare it to Orchestra and 6TiSCH Minimal scheduler. The experiments demonstrate the feasibility of spatial reuse and that Layered retains performance independent of network topology and traffic intensity -a desirable feature in industrial scenarios. The performance comes at the expense of energy consumption, which in the worst case is 75 % higher compared to Orchestra and Minimal. We also present lessons learned, such as the crucial relationship between TSCH and RPL convergence, the benefits of black-listing on performance, and how co-located TSCH networks could be divided by channel offsets as opposed to physical channels. Lastly, we discuss flow-based scheduling in general, its properties, and future research areas.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Evaluation of the Layered Flow-Based Autonomous TSCH Scheduler

2023

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“…Different 6TiSCH scheduling techniques have been developed for deterministic LLN networks based on TSCH that build and manage the schedules [13]- [26]. 6TiSCH Minimal Scheduling Function (MSF) [27] is a simple scheduling function under standardization by IETF 6TiSCH WG.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

6TiSCH Low Latency Autonomous Scheduling for Industrial Internet of Things

Pradhan¹,

Chaudhari²,

Zennaro

2022

IEEE Access

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With the advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT), machine-to-machine communication, big-data, and the associated environment, a new model of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has emerged. The IIoT brings sensors, intelligent machines and tools, instruments, and analytics together for applications like manufacturing, robotics, and many others. Most of these applications require adaptive and autonomous behavior, Quality of Service (QoS), efficient resource allocation, and reservation. One of these crucial challenges is to build and maintain a data communication schedule. Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) based network operation promises required QoS for low-power applications and enables high reliability. 6TiSCH layer is being developed by standardizing the protocol stack to achieve industrial performance requirements by using IPv6 over IEEE802.15.4e TSCH MAC. 6TiSCH aims to manage the schedule and configure it with the topology and traffic requirements in the industrial environment. This paper proposes a novel low latency autonomous scheduling scheme for the 6TiSCH networks. It generates a segmented schedule for the network where all source nodes can send application data packets to the root node in a single slotframe. The performance of the proposed technique is compared with existing scheduling techniques. Our scheme outperforms the other techniques. The result shows that the latency is reduced up to 41% in comparison with the other scheduling schemes. The proposed scheme has a lower radio duty cycle as the node's ON time is reduced, making it more energy efficient and reliable.

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“…Em [19] Osman e F. Nabki, melhoram o algoritmo Orchestra [20], ao propor um algoritmo autônomo de alocac ¸ão dinâmica de slots de tempo conforme a necessidade do nó transmissor. O TSCH-LBV, todavia, além de ser de caráter distribuído, aloca canais mais largos, conforme a necessidade da transmissão, e não slots de tempo.…”

Section: Trabalhos Relacionadosunclassified

TSCH-LBV: Alocação dinâmica de canais com largura de banda variável em redes TSCH

Milanez¹,

Oliveira²,

Vieira³

et al. 2021

Anais Estendidos Do XI Simpósio Brasileiro De Engenharia De Sistemas Computacionais (SBESC Estendido 2021)

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A transmissão e recepção de pacotes em redes sem fio sofre com problemas como interferência, colisões e presença de gargalos, causando o aumento da latência e diminuição da vazão na rede. A alta demanda por um conjunto de enlaces pode tornar a rede ineficiente e, até mesmo, inoperante. As redes TSCH tentam evitar colisões via escalonamento de canais e tempo, no entanto, ainda há a presença de gargalos e um aprimoramento para os escalonamentos tradicionais deve ser fornecido. A largura de banda dos canais pode ser usada para melhorar a vazão em regiões com gargalos. Dessa forma, neste artigo propomos a alocação dinâmica de canais com largura de banda variável para reduzir gargalos e aumentar a vazão. A alocação de canais e escalonamento das transmissões são feitos utilizando o método de mapeamento de conflitos, onde são identificados seções de congestionamento de pacotes, em que um conjunto de nós compete pelos mesmos recursos de canal de comunicação e tempo de envio, organizando-os a fim de aprimorar a performance da rede. Neste trabalho propomos um procedimento de alocação de canais com largura de banda proporcional à demanda de pacotes por enlace. O algoritmo foi implementado na plataforma ContikiNG. Os resultados mostram a redução no tempo do slotframe e melhoria na entrega de mensagens.

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OSCAR: An Optimized Scheduling Cell Allocation Algorithm for Convergecast in IEEE 802.15.4e TSCH Networks

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Experimental Evaluation of the Layered Flow-Based Autonomous TSCH Scheduler

Experimental Evaluation of the Layered Flow-Based Autonomous TSCH Scheduler

6TiSCH Low Latency Autonomous Scheduling for Industrial Internet of Things

TSCH-LBV: Alocação dinâmica de canais com largura de banda variável em redes TSCH

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