Osage orange (Maclura pomifera): History and economic uses

Smith, Jeffrey L.; Perino, Janice V.

doi:10.1007/bf02859211

Cited by 44 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The ability of individuals of both species to resproul multiple stems after injury of the primary stem sugg.sts that many clumps may be single individuals (Fowells, 1965;Smith & Perino, 1981). It is common in this population, however, for dispersers to sit directly at the base of trees while extracting seeds from fruits (A. Schnabel & ft. H. Laushman, personal observations).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative genetic structure of two co-occurring tree species, Maclura pomifera (Moraceae) and Gleditsia triacanthos (Leguminosae)

1991

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Mac/urn potnifera, an aulotetraploid, and Gleditsia triacanthos, a diploid, are ecologically similar dioecious tree species that often co-occur in early successional habitats throughout the mid-western United States. We studied levels of genetic diversity and patterns of genetic structure for four polymorphic enzyme lcd of M. pomifera and 16 polymorphic enzyme loci of C. triacanthos from a single population in eastern Kansas. Levels of expected heterozygosity were high for both species, averaging 0.725 for M. poinifera and 0.366 for G. triacanthos. Although genotypes for nearly all G. niacanthos loci were in Hardy-Weinberg frequencies, three of four M. pomifera loci deviated from equilibrium expectations. Two aspects of genetic structure were explored. First, the extent of clonal growth was estimated by comparing genotypes of stems within 50 G. triacanthos and 32 M. poinifera clumps. The great majority of clumps contained more than one genotype, and in many clumps, all stems were genetically unique. Secondly, as revealed by spatial autocorrelation analyses, genetic substructure was very local for both species, with significant positive autocorrelation occurring only within clumps of individuals or among near neighbours. We argue that this pattern of spatial structure for both species results from extremely local seed dispersal and establishment of individuals from the same multiseeded fruit.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…pomifera and G. triacanthos is extensive. Both are dioecious trees that commonly colonize pastures and old fields and are often found together in those habitats throughout the mid-western region of the United States (Smith & Perino, 1981;Schnabel & Laushman, personal observations). Flowers of M. pomifera and G.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genetic structure of two co-occurring tree species, Maclura pomifera (Moraceae) and Gleditsia triacanthos (Leguminosae)

1991

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“…Karr and Coats (1991) found fragments of the fruit, as well as its hexane and methanol extracts, to be signiÞcantly repellent to the German cockroach Blattella germanica. The wood of the osage orange tree resisted termites (Esenther 1977;Wolcott 1953Wolcott , 1955Wolcott , 1957 and had antifungal properties (Smith and Perino 1981). Antimicrobial activity has been found in extracts containing osajin or pomiferin (Mahmoud 1981), two of the major angular isoßa-vonoid components present in osage orange fruits ( Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Osajin and Pomiferin, Two Isoflavones Purified from Osage Orange Fruits, Tested for Repellency to the Maize Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Peterson

Fristad²,

Tsao³

et al. 2000

Environ Entomol

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The fruit of the osage orange tree, Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid (Moraceae), has long been thought to be repellent to insects. A preliminary study reported here confirmed repellency of fruit extracts to the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky. Two isoflavones, osajin and pomiferin, were isolated from the mature fruit of M. pomifera in high purity (≥95%). Testing of purified osajin and pomiferin failed to show repellency. Repellency is likely caused by factors other than isoflavones in the fruit. KeywordsMaclura pomifera, Sitophilus zeamais, osajin, pomiferin, isoflavone, repellency Disciplines Entomology CommentsThis article is from Environmental Entomology 29 (2000) ABSTRACT The fruit of the osage orange tree, Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid (Moraceae), has long been thought to be repellent to insects. A preliminary study reported here conÞrmed repellency of fruit extracts to the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky. Two isoßavones, osajin and pomiferin, were isolated from the mature fruit of M. pomifera in high purity (Ն95%). Testing of puriÞed osajin and pomiferin failed to show repellency. Repellency is likely caused by factors other than isoßavones in the fruit.

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“…It is a tree that is native to North America, from a small region in the United States known as the home of the Osage Indians (hence the common name "Osage orange") through to Southern Ontario, Canada. The tree was widely planted as hedge trees throughout the US Midwest and southern Ontario, Canada (hence its other name "hedge apple"), and it played an important role in converting the prairies into productive agricultural land (Smith and Perino 1981;Barnett and Burton 1997;Tsao et al 2003). Although the tree of Osage orange has been used as hedge trees and hardwood, the inedible fruit has been used as an enduring pest management home remedy in the US Midwest (Peterson et al 2000;Tsao et al 2003).…”

Section: Prenylated Flavonoids/isoflavones In Native Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration and characterization of bioactive phytochemicals in native Canadian plants for human health

Tsao¹,

Liu²

2007

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Tsao, R. and Liu, Z. 2007. Exploration and characterization of bioactive phytochemicals in native Canadian plants for human health. Can. J. Plant Sci. 87: [1045][1046][1047][1048][1049][1050][1051][1052][1053]. The boundary between medicine and food is not always clear in many ancient cultures. Many plants have traditionally been used in both culinary and healing practices. Herbs, in particular, have shown this dual functionality. Scientific information on herbal medicines has been limited to exotic plants, and only a few herbal plants native to, or grown in, Canada, such as American ginseng, Echinacea, St. John's wort and feverfew, have been studied. Thorough investigations have not been carried out, and there is a lack of information about native Canadian plants and their potential as medicinal plants, particularly in terms of their chemical composition, biological activity and potential use for disease prevention. Also, from the marketing point of view, many of the existing herbs have only a small niche in the marketplace, so over production and consequent price depression can easily happen, as seen in the ginseng industry. There is obviously a need for multidisciplinary collaboration among herbalists, botanists, chemists and other scientists, since introducing native plants into mass production requires knowledge of environmental impact, genetic variability and the effects of other factors on the bioactive components. This review is intended to introduce the needs, techniques and challenges of such an approach with an emphasis on chemical and biochemical characterizations. Cette dualité se remarque particulièrement chez les fines herbes. En homéopathie, les données scientifiques se bornent aux espèces exotiques et seules quelques herbacées parmi les plantes indigènes du Canada ont été étudiées, notamment le ginseng américain, l'échinacée, le millepertuis et le chrysanthème-matricaire. Aucune étude exhaustive n'a été entreprise et on manque d'informations sur les plantes indigènes du Canada ainsi que leur potentiel en tant que plantes médicinales. On ne sait notamment pas grand-chose sur leur composition chimique, leur activité biologique ni leur utilité éventuelle pour prévenir la maladie. Du point de vue commercial, bon nombre des fines herbes existantes occupent une très petite niche sur le marché, de sorte qu'il peut y avoir aisément surproduction et chute des prix, ainsi qu'on a pu le voir dans l'industrie du ginseng. Manifestement, les homéopathes, les botanistes, les chimistes et d'autres scientifiques doivent collaborer, car le passage des plantes indigènes à la production de masse exige une solide connaissance des répercussions sur l'environnement, de la variabilité génétique et des effets d'autres paramètres sur les composés bioactifs. Cet article expose les besoins, les techniques et les enjeux d'une telle approche, en insistant sur la caractérisation chimique et biochimique.

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Osage orange (Maclura pomifera): History and economic uses

Cited by 44 publications

References 43 publications

Comparative genetic structure of two co-occurring tree species, Maclura pomifera (Moraceae) and Gleditsia triacanthos (Leguminosae)

Comparative genetic structure of two co-occurring tree species, Maclura pomifera (Moraceae) and Gleditsia triacanthos (Leguminosae)

Osajin and Pomiferin, Two Isoflavones Purified from Osage Orange Fruits, Tested for Repellency to the Maize Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Exploration and characterization of bioactive phytochemicals in native Canadian plants for human health

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