Os reassentamentos da Vale em Moçambique: um estudo sobre mobilização do trabalho e trabalho supérfluo

Abstract

This research has the purpose of analyzing the current process of mobilization and labor crisis in the district of Moatize, in Mozambique, from the mining and its consequent conflicts of this activity. We have recurred the capital-labor relationship formation to understand the crisis aspects of this relationship. The modernization process of the productive forces has brought about a historic change in the sector and in Mozambique it can be narrated for two generations by the experience of coal production. We are based on studies, district data and residents' stories, mainly of two resettlements caused by the expansion of the activities of Vale S/A to Mozambique. In these resettlements many of the villagers recounted the process of mobilization for labor in the colonial and postcolonial period, whose extraction of mineral coal in the district was done in underground galleries. The change in the technique of exploration led to the extraction in the open which put the conflict by the removal of the people who lived in the area in which the State granted to the multinational. Extraction of coal rapidly advances the exploitation area and consequently has accentuated the expropriation process in Mozambique causing the loss of areas for food production. In contrast, the process requires less human labor and some limitations for the workforce that must be specialized, causing structural unemployment or even the superfluous to the system, in this case the residents themselves of the resettlement. The limit of the relationship can still be thought of by the totality of the process in which the increase in the levels of productivity is made necessary by the market competition in the sector and at the same time places the need to increase consumption of the merchandise, because to realize the value, the merchandise needs be purchased. However, the market itself shows a limit.